产后6周抑郁情绪筛查及影响因素分析

Depression screening at 6 weeks after delivery and analysis of influencing factors

目的 筛查产后6周女性产后抑郁发生情况,并分析其影响因素,探索有针对性的产后抑郁干预方案。方法 随机选取2021年6月至2022年1月海淀区妇幼保健院产后42天体检的313名产妇为研究对象,进行问卷调查,且采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)进行产后抑郁筛查,利用单因素及Logistic多因素回归分析影响产后抑郁发生的危险因素。结果 产后抑郁筛查阳性率为8.31%。单因素分析显示,经前期综合征、妊娠期间睡眠不佳、新生儿性别不符合预期、存在母乳喂养压力、月子期间情绪低落及产后母亲胜任力不佳是产后抑郁发生的影响因素(χ^(2)值分别是41.436、8.319、7.620、12.974、33.469、96.288,P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,经前期综合征和母亲胜任力不佳都是影响产后抑郁的独立高危因素,OR(95%CI)值分别是16.179(2.516~104.052)、1.421(1.013~5.141),P<0.05。结论 产后抑郁的发生与经前期综合征和母亲胜任力不佳等因素有关,应受到个体、家庭、医疗系统、社会的重视。

Objective To screen the incidence of postpartum depression in women at 6 weeks after delivery, and analyze the influencing factors, so as to explore targeted intervention programs for postpartum depression.Methods A total of 313 women who underwent a physical examination 42 days after delivery in Haidian District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from June 2021 to January 2022 were randomly selected as the research objects for a questionnaire survey.The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale(EPDS) was used for postpartum depression screening.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of postpartum depression.Results The positive rate of postpartum depression screening was 8.31%.The univariate analysis showed that premenstrual syndrome, poor sleep during pregnancy, unpredictable sex of the newborn, the pressure of breastfeeding, low mood in confinement, and poor maternal competency after delivery were high risk factors for postpartum depression(χ^(2)=41.436,8.319,7.620,12.974,33.469 and 96.288,respectively, P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factor for postpartum depression was premenstrual syndrome and poor maternal competency, and the OR and 95%CI were 16.179(2.516-104.052) and 1.421(1.013-5.141),respectively, P<0.05.Conclusion Postpartum depression is related to premenstrual syndrome and maternal incompetency, which should be paid more attention to by individuals, families, medical system and society.