中国部分地区育龄女性人乳头瘤状病毒疫苗认知情况分析

Analysis on awareness of human papillomavirus vaccine among reproductive women in part of China

目的 通过对不同地区育龄女性人乳头瘤状病毒(HPV)疫苗的认知情况进行分析,了解目前我国女性HPV疫苗的知晓率和接受率,为进一步提高我国HPV疫苗接种率提供参考依据。方法 2018年6月至9月在江苏南京市、山东济南市、湖南长沙市、安徽合肥市、陕西西安市和四川成都市选取一个城区和一个县作为调查地点,对15~49岁育龄女性进行自填式问卷调查,共计回收合格问卷11 406份。结果 6 137人听说过HPV疫苗(53.8%),城市地区的比例明显高于农村地区(68.3%vs 48.5%),χ^(2)=422.30,P<0.05。30~39岁年龄段的调查对象听说过疫苗的比例最高(63.8%),40~49岁的比例最低(53.9%),χ^(2)=78.13,P<0.05;文化程度越高,听说过HPV疫苗的比例越高(χ^(2)=635.00,P<0.05)。在听说过HPV疫苗的研究对象中,有80.3%(4 868/6 137)的人愿意接种疫苗,城市地区的比例高于农村地区(82.8%vs 76.8%),χ^(2)=33.33,P<0.05;20~29岁年龄段接种HPV疫苗意愿的比例最高(82.8%),15~19岁的比例最低(61.2%),χ^(2)=76.47,P<0.05;文化程度越高,有接种意愿的比例越高(χ^(2)=28.66,P<0.05)。不愿意接种的原因主要是认为没有必要(49.8%)、担心有副作用(35.4%)。结论 育龄女性对HPV疫苗的认识有了很大的提高。郊区或农村地区,特别是文化程度相对较低的人群及年龄在40~49岁的女性应当作为HPV疫苗宣传的重点人群。

Objective To understand the awareness and acceptance rates of human papillomavirus(HPV) vaccine among women in China by analyzing the awareness status of HPV vaccine among reproductive women in different areas, so as to provide evidence for further improving the coverage rate of HPV vaccine in China.Methods From June to September, 2018,one urban area and one county in Nanjing, Jiangsu, Jinan, Shandong, Changsha, Hunan, Hefei, Anhui, Xi′an, Shaanxi, and Chengdu, Sichuan were selected as the survey locations.A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among reproductive women aged 15-49 years, and there were 11 406 qualified questionnaires were finished.Results A total of 6 137 women had heard of HPV vaccine(53.8%),and the proportion in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas(68.3% vs 48.5%),χ^(2)=422.30,P<0.05.Those aged 30-39 years had the highest proportion of respondents who had heard of vaccine(63.8%),while the proportion of people aged 40-49 years was the lowest(53.9%),χ^(2)=78.13,P<0.05.Participants with higher education level had higher rate of having heard of vaccine(χ^(2) =635.00,P<0.05).Among those who had heard of vaccine, 80.3%(4 868/6 137) of the subjects were willing to be vaccinated, and the proportion in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas(82.8% vs 76.8%),χ^(2)=33.33,P<0.05.Those aged 20-29 years had the highest proportion of respondents who had the willingness to vaccinate(82.8%),while the proportion of people aged 15-19 years was the lowest(61.2%),χ^(2)=76.47,P<0.05.Participants with higher education level had higher rate of willing to vaccinate(χ^(2)=28.66,P<0.05).The main reasons for unwillingness to vaccinate were that thinking it was unnecessary(49.8%) and being worried about side effects(35.4%).Conclusion The awareness of HPV vaccine among reproductive women has been greatly improved.For suburban or rural areas, especially for people with relatively low education level and women aged 40-49 years, they should be the focus of HPV vaccine health education.