外泌体在慢性气道炎症性疾病诊疗中的研究进展

Research progress of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic airway inflammatory diseases

外泌体是一类拥有磷脂双分子层结构的纳米大小的囊形小体, 几乎所有类型细胞都可以分泌。外泌体可通过相关的生物活性物质(DNA、microRNA和蛋白质等)与靶细胞相互作用而实现信息传递和功能调控。以慢性阻塞性肺疾病及支气管哮喘为代表的慢性气道炎症性疾病是常见的呼吸系统疾病, 伴随着对外泌体结构功能持续深入的探究, 人们发现外泌体在气道炎症性疾病进展中发挥着重要作用, 外泌体很可能成为慢性气道炎症性疾病的新型诊断生物标志物、潜在的治疗靶点及药物的载体。本文对外泌体的特性和功能以及在慢性气道炎症性疾病诊疗中的研究进展作一综述。

Exosomes are nano-sized cystic vesicles with phospholipid bilayer structure(30-150 nm)and could be secreted by almost all cell types.Exosomes can carry out information transmission and functional regulation by interacting with recipient cells through their related bioactive substances(DNA,microRNA,protein,etc.).Chronic airway inflammatory diseases,represented by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma,are common respiratory diseases.The in-depth research of the structure and function of exosomes suggests that exosomes play a significant role in the progress of chronic airway inflammatory disease and that they might become a new diagnostic biomarker,a potential therapeutic target,and a medicine carrier of disease likewise.This paper focuses on the characteristics and functions of exosomes in addition to the research progress of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic airway inflammatory diseases.