基于地理探测器的云南省生态系统产水服务的空间异质性及驱动因素

Spatial heterogeneity and driving factors of ecosystem water yield service in Yunnan Province,China based on Geodetector.

产水服务作为重要的生态系统服务功能,准确把握其空间分异特征、明确不同地域的关键驱动因子是维系生态安全和可持续发展的关键。以地理空间异质性显著的云南省为研究区,借助InVEST模型模拟1992—2019年云南省产水量时空分布,通过地理探测器探析气候、植被、土壤、地形、土地利用等因子对产水服务的空间驱动特征。结果表明:1992—2019年,云南省产水量呈先增大后减小的波动变化趋势,各年产水量空间分布格局相似,总体趋势是自西北、西部、西南部向中部和东部逐渐递减。气候类因子(降水量和实际蒸散量)是导致产水服务空间分异的主要驱动因子。在不同的流域分区,各驱动因素对产水量的影响具有明显的空间异质性:云岭-元江一线以西,伊洛瓦底江、怒江上游、怒江下游、澜沧江上游、金沙江上游、元江、李仙江一带,降水量是主要的控制因子;云岭-元江一线以东,喀斯特地貌区(南广河、赤水河、乌江、右江、盘龙河)以及人口密度大、耕地资源短缺的金沙江下游地区,实际蒸散量和土地利用类型是主要的控制因子。本研究结果可为云南省水资源管理政策和生态文明建设工作提供参考依据,对促进高原山地复杂区生态系统服务优化和可持续发展具有一定的指导意义。

Water yield is an important ecosystem service.It is the key to maintain ecological security and sustain-able development to accurately grasp the spatial heterogeneity characteristics and identify the key driving factors of water yield in different regions.Taking Yunnan Province with significant geospatial heterogeneity as the research area,we used InVEST model to simulate the temporal and spatial variations of water yield in Yunnan Province from 1992 to 2019.The spatial characteristics of driving factors,such as climate,vegetation,soil,terrain,land use,on water yield service were analyzed through Geodetector.The results showed that water yield of Yunnan Province showed a fluctuating trend of increasing at first and decreasing later from 1992 to 2019,with a similar spatial distri-bution pattern in each year,and an overall trend of gradually decreasing from northwest,west and southwest to cen-tral and east.Climatic factors(precipitation and actual evapotranspiration)were the main driving factors leading to spatial differentiation of water yield.In different watershed divisions,the impact of each driving factor on water yield had significant spatial heterogeneity:the watersheds dominated by precipitation were mainly distributed in the west of Yunling-Yuanjiang line,the Irrawaddy River,the upper reaches of Nujiang River,the lower reaches of Nujiang River,the upper reaches of Lancang River,the upper reaches of Jinsha River,Yuanjiang River and Lixian River areas.As for the east of Yunling-Yuanjiang line,in karst landform areas(Nanguang River,Chishui River,Wujiang River,Youjiang River and Panlong River)and the lower reaches of Jinsha River with high population den-sity and shortage of cultivated land,actual evapotranspiration and land use type were the leading factors controlling the spatial pattern of water yield.The results could provide a reference for water resources management policy and ecological civilization construction in Yunnan Province,with a certain guiding significance to promote the optimization and sustainable development of ecosystem services in complex plateau-mountain area.