《德意志意识形态》关于“现实的人”的三形态理论

The Theory of the Three Forms of"Real Man"in The German Ideology

“现实的人”既是历史发展的前提,也是历史发展的主体,不同的社会发展阶段,“现实的人”呈现不同的存在形态。马克思、恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》中把“现实的人”的历史发展表述为三大形态:自然的个人、偶然的个人或阶级的个人、有个性的个人或自由的个人。马克思在《1857—1858年经济学手稿》中把“现实的人”的历史发展的三大形态进一步形象地表述为:人的依赖、物的依赖、自由个性(人的全面而自由的发展)。马克思、恩格斯关于“现实的人”的三形态理论,对于我们今天正确认识世界和改造世界有着重要的指导意义。

"Real man"is both the premise and the subject of historical development.At different stages of social development,"real man"takes on different forms of existence.In The German Ideology,Marx and Engels classified the historical development of"real man"into three major forms:a natural individual,an accidental individual or an individual of a certain class,and an individual with personality or an individual of freedom.In his Economic Manuscripts of 1857-1858,Marx further evocatively described the three major forms of the historical development of"real man"as personal dependence,material dependence and free individuality(all-round and free development of man).Marx and Engels'theory of the three forms of"real man"has important guiding significance for us to correctly understand and transform the world today.