麦瘟病研究新进展

Novel advances in wheat blast research

麦瘟病是1985年在南美洲出现的一种小麦真菌病害,目前已成为南美洲的主要小麦病害之一。在麦瘟病发病严重区域该病害可导致小麦减产高达100%,抗麦瘟病的小麦资源和基因少,且麦瘟病菌对甲氧基丙烯酸酯(QoIs)类杀菌剂具有较强的耐受性,监测、延缓、抑制其传播对有效控制麦瘟病意义重大。2016年和2018年发生了两次重要的麦瘟病扩散事件,受到广泛关注,两次扩散事件导致麦瘟病分别蔓延至亚洲孟加拉国和非洲赞比亚,麦瘟病的持续蔓延对全球小麦生产安全带来严重威胁。我国科学家与世界同行一道,在病害监测、小麦抗病资源和基因发掘、抗病品种的培育、病原菌生物学等方面的研究均取得了进展。本文从麦瘟病的传播历史、防控方法、国际国内开展麦瘟病相关研究工作进展等方面对麦瘟病进行综述;同时,也为我国应对麦瘟病威胁提供了策略、提出了应对建议。

Wheat blast(WB), a fungal disease of wheat, has become one of the major diseases in South America since its outbreak in 1985. The yield reduction was as high as 100% in severely WB field. Due to the lack of resistance genes in wheat germplasm and the strong tolerance of WB fungus to fungicides such as QoI, accurate detection and monitoring WB to delay or inhibit their spreading is of great significance for effective control of WB. Two important wheat blast spreading events occurred in 2016 and 2018, and resulted in rapid spread of WB to Bangladesh in Asia and Zambia in Africa, which was paid extensive attention. With the continuous spread of WB, it poses a serious threat to the safety of global wheat production. Chinese scientists, together with global counterparts, made progress in detection and prevention of WB, including developing the WB detection technology, screening disease-resistant resources, breeding the WB resistant varieties, and studying the biology of WB-associated pathogen. This review brings together the WB spread history, control measures, and its global research progress. In addition, we also discussed strategies for better dealing with the WB threat.