从“新批评主义”的视角研究爱丽丝·门罗“纪实现实主义”的创作风格——以《匆匆》为例

Studying Alice Munro’s “Documentary Realism” style from the perspective of “New Criticism”——with her short novel Soon as an example

诺贝尔文学奖得主爱丽丝·门罗以其“纪实现实主义”的风格而著称。她的短篇小说结构精巧复杂,充满悬念和文本的不确定性,非细读不能充分理解和欣赏。因此,仅从偏文化的“女性主义”和地域性的角度评价门罗是远远不够的。本文回归“新批评主义”细读文本的文学评论传统,以门罗自选集《传家之物》里的代表作《匆匆》为例,通过对原文大量的引用和分析,联系相关的概念对小说的主题进行深入探讨;与此同时,研究作家如何运用她所挑选的写作视角和她特有的创作技巧,呈现普通人的生活,探索人生的真相、生命的本质,以达到充分挖掘其作品文学价值的目的。

The Nobel Prize in literature winner Alice Munro is well known for her “Documentary Realism” style. Her short stories, with the exquisite and complex structure, featuring suspense and text uncertainty, can’t be fully understood and appreciated without careful and thorough reading. Therefore, it’s far from sufficient to evaluate Munro’s writings from the pure cultural perspectives like “Feminism” and Canadian regional attributes. Based on the traditional “New Criticism” theories of going deep into text itself, this thesis, taking Munro’s masterpiece Soon from her selection Family Furnishings(her self-chosen short novels) as an example, explores the deeply-embedded theme of this novel in using the concept of Buddhism “Wu Chang”(impermanence) and through analyzing a large number of fragments drawn from the original. In the meanwhile, it studies how the author employs her creative writing perspectives and skills to depict ordinary people’s life, reveal the truth of the world and the essence of human life. In this sense, this thesis is a new trial of revealing the true value of Munro’s literary works.