《共产主义原理》解放观对启蒙的超越

The Transcendence of Liberation View in The Principles of Communism to Enlightenment

启蒙以人之解放为确立其自身合法性的核心诉求。启蒙的解放工程追求的主要是精神解放基础上的政治解放,未能科学分析人之解放所关联的经济、社会关系。马克思恩格斯的共产主义接过启蒙的解放使命,意图科学地探究无产阶级实现解放的现实路径。《共产主义原理》解放观对启蒙的超越主要表现为三个方面:将解放的主体界定为无产阶级领导的全部的现实的人,对因受工具理性主导而产生的异化之更深入的批判,以及将消除私有制作为最终获得解放的根本。

Enlightenment takes human liberation as its core demand to establish its own legitimacy.Enlightenment liberation projects mainly pursued political liberation on the basis of spiritual liberation,but failed to scientifically analyze the economic and social relations associated with human liberation.Marx and Engels’communism took over the liberation mission of enlightenment and intended to scientifically explore the realistic path of proletarian liberation.The transcendence of the liberation view in The Principles of Communism is mainly reflected in three aspects:the subject of liberation is defined as all realistic people led by the proletariat;a deeper critique of alienation is caused by instrumental rationality;and the elimination of private ownership is a foundation for emancipation.