大数据时代“被遗忘权”之争:记忆与遗忘的思想困局

The Debate on "the Right to be Forgotten" in the Era of Big Data:The Ideological Dilemma of Memory and Forgetting

几千年来,人们对于记忆的追寻在数字时代似乎达到了顶峰,“完整记忆”的出现是人类记忆史上的里程碑。过去,遗忘是默认的常态,而记忆是例外;如今,记忆成为常态,遗忘却成为例外。数字时代塑造“完整记忆”的同时,人类似乎也逐渐失去了对记忆的控制,人们开始意识到无法忘记的“完整记忆”并非“完美记忆”。因此,在大数据时代,人们试图通过删除那些不合适、不(再)相关的信息来恢复记忆与遗忘的失衡。然而,将“被遗忘权”作为一种平衡数字时代记忆与遗忘需求的策略仍然存在诸多争议,争论体现了数字记忆时代下记忆需求与遗忘需求矛盾的困境,其中牵涉历史书写与对“完整记忆”的需求、社会分享中“被记住”的欲望与在社交中“被遗忘”的期待、身份建构中对记忆与遗忘的矛盾需求、“被遗忘权”与社会运作等问题。因此,在一个永远无法忘记的网络世界里,如何权衡人们记忆需求与遗忘需求之间的矛盾与冲突,是数字记忆时代留给人类社会的难题,这似乎也迫使人们在当今这个相互关联的世界里,重塑记忆与遗忘之间的关系。本研究关注数字时代下“被遗忘权”的思想争锋,在思潮中展现数字时代下记忆与遗忘的需求困局,探索记忆与遗忘的伦理关系,从而更好地理解人类社会的本质、矛盾及其发展。

For thousands of years,people’s pursuit of memory seems to have reached the peak in the digital age.The emergence of "complete memory" is a milestone in the history of human memory.In the past,forgetting was the default normal,while memory was the exception;now,memory has become the normal,but forgetting has become the exception.While the digital age has shaped the "complete memory",human beings seem to have gradually lost control of memory and people begin to realize that the "complete memory",which cannot be forgotten is not "perfect memory".Therefore,in the era of big data,people try to restore the imbalance between memory and forgetting by deleting those inappropriate and irrelevant information.However,there are still many controversies about "the right to be forgotten" as a strategy to balance the needs of memory and forgetting in the digital era.The debate reflects the digital era dilemma of the contradiction between memory needs and forgetting needs in the era of memory,which involves the need for historical writing and the need for complete memory,the desire to "be remembered" in social sharing and the expectation of being "forgotten" in social interaction,the contradictory need for memory and forgetting in identity construction,and the problem of the right to be forgotten in the social operation.Therefore,in an Internet world that can never be forgotten,how to balance the contradiction and conflict between people’s memory needs and forgetting needs is a difficult problem given to human society in the era of digital memory,which seems to force us to reshape the relationship between memory and forgetting in today’s interconnected world.This study focused on the ideological struggle of "the right to be forgotten" in the digital age shows the demand dilemma of memory and forgetting in the digital age in the ideological trend and explores the ethical relationship between memory and forgetting in the digital age,so as to better understand the essence,contradiction and development of human society.