电子烟相关性肺损伤的研究进展

Research Progress of Lung Injury Associated With Electronic-cigarette

文章简单介绍了现代电子烟的发展背景、工作原理以及当下国内外的发展使用趋势。电子烟为控烟而生,但现在越来越多的证据表明电子烟会导致肺损伤。通过查阅国内外文献,对电子烟相关性肺损伤(e-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury,EVALI)的发病机制、临床特征、疾病诊治与预防进行了整理和分析。EVALI的发病机制尚不明确,现阶段仅能通过患者的电子烟使用史结合影像学与实验室检查的结果来进行临床诊断。患者在确诊后应立即停止使用电子烟并且依照临床表现进行相应的治疗,目前主要的治疗手段包括支持治疗、经验性应用抗菌药物治疗以及早期应用糖皮质激素治疗,出现呼吸窘迫或呼吸衰竭的患者则需住院进行治疗。各国卫生与教育机构应加强对青少年普及电子烟的危害与知识,并通过政策上对电子烟的限制来减少电子烟对群众健康所带来的危害。

The article briefly introduces the development background,working principles and current trends of modern electronic cigarettes.E-cigarettes are born for tobacco control,but now there is growing evidence that e-cigarettes can cause lung damage.The pathology,clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and prevention of e-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury(EVALI)are sorted and analyzed by sorting out domestic and foreign literature.The pathogenesis of EVALI is still unclear.At this stage,the clinical diagnosis can only be made by analyzing the patient's history of using an e-cigarette,along with the results of imaging and laboratory tests.Patients should stop using e-cigarettes immediately after diagnosis and carry out corresponding treatment according to symptoms.At the moment,the main treatment methods include supportive treatment,empirical antibiotic treatment,and early glucocorticoid treatment.Patients with respiratory distress or failure should be hospitalized for treatment.Health and education departments around the world should promote the knowledge and harm of the use of vaping among the younger population,and reduce the harm caused by e-cigarettes to the public through policy restrictions on electronic cigarettes.