可行能力视角下南疆农村女性就近就业及效应研究

Effect of Rural Women's Nearby Employment in South Xinjiang from the Perspective of Feasible Ability

新疆南疆四地州是我国深度贫困地区,精准扶贫战略下南疆已如期脱贫。受性别分工的影响,南疆女性的发展潜能未有效彰显。文章以可行能力为视角,研究就近就业对南疆农村女性的影响,发现:就业可促进南疆女性获得多种可行能力,各种可行能力间形成良性互动。就近就业将南疆女性就业的积极效应从个体拓展到家庭和乡村,但也使“就业—务农”的冲突更加凸显,婚姻、家庭等传统文化因素对南疆女性就业机会和能力的负向影响变得更为隐蔽。研究认为,保障南疆女性就近就业是巩固脱贫成果的重要途径,优化产业结构、转变观念、加大社会支持力度,可促进少数民族女性通过正规就业获得稳定脱贫的可行能力,进而保障妇女群体获得充分发展。

Southern Xinjiang are areas of deep poverty in China.With the practicing of Targeted Poverty Alleviation Strategy,Southern Xinjiang has been lifted out of absolute poverty as scheduled.Affected by the gender division in labor market,the potential of women in Southern Xinjiang has not been effectively demonstrated.This study focused on the influence of nearby employment on rural women in Southern Xinjiang from the perspective of feasibility.It found that a job would help rural women to obtain or promote a various kinds of practical ability,and a benign interaction can be formed between feasible abilities.Nearby employment expands the positive effect including individual,families and village.But it also intensifies the conflict between employment and farming.Besides,some traditional cultural factors such as marriage and family norms would reduce the employment opportunities and abilities of these women,and the situation becomes more imperceptible.To consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation,ensuring nearby employment of women in Southern Xinjiang is important.Thus,the local governments need to optimize industrial structure,change employment concepts and increase social support.In this way,women can obtain stable and feasible ability to alleviate poverty through formal employment,and achieve their full development.