论陈祚明《采菽堂古诗选》的陆机批评

Chen Zuoming's Criticism on Lu Ji in Selected Poems from Cai Shu Tang

明末清初的陈祚明在《采菽堂古诗选》中甄录陆诗多达九十五首,其选与评却表里不符。陈祚明以情辞并举、以情为本的诗学理念观照陆诗,发现其撰句矜秀,尚辞失情。围绕情、辞、法三者,陈祚明指出陆机循法以为谨的弊病,认为其拟古诗法胜其辞,敷旨庸浅,不如道性情、任天真的潘岳诗歌远甚。陈祚明藉评选申张自己的诗学理念,力图破除明代复古派和竟陵派两家的陈见,其论与之异世同迹的陆机稍显苛刻,与其解诗方法以及对陆诗于哀乐两处尽失激昂颇感失望有关。

Chen Zuoming in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties selected up to ninety-five poems by Lu Ji in Selected Poems from Cai Shu Tang,but his selection was not in line with his evaluation.Chen,examining Lu’s poems in terms of both language and emotion,found that Lu Ji used elegant sentences devoid of keen feelings.Focusing on the three aspects of emotion,language and common practice,Chen exposed Lu’s weakness in following the common practice,and believed that Lu’s poetry was worse than that of Pan Yue whose poetry was characteristic of temperament and naivete.In fact,Chen expressed his own poetics ideas by evaluating Lu’s poems,aiming to get rid of the old opinions of Retro School and Jingling School in the Ming Dynasty.Chen’s comments on Lu’s poetry was a bit harsh,although they shared similar life experiences.The harshness was related to his method of interpreting poetry and his disappointment with Lu’s loss of excitement in sadness and joy.