“数量+V(不)C+的+N”类结构的 构式化与肯否不对称

Constructionalization of"Quantity+V not C+De(的)+N"and the Asymmetry between Affirmative and Negative Forms

“数量+V不C+的+N”结构的构式义是:N或N的某种特征具有大量或程度高的特点。其大量、程度高的语义基础是数量成分,有绝对大量、关系大量、对比大量三种类型。“数量+V不C+的+N”构式化的最显著表现是“跨范畴性”,其有三种模式:从时量到数量、从数量到程度、从时量到程度。构式化的机制是让步整合、脱离对比、隐喻化。否定式只表大量、无需标记,肯定式可表大量小量、需要标记;都表大量的情况下,肯、否式所带的标记是不同的;否定式的语义强度、主观性程度都更高。

"Quantity+V not C+De(的)+N"means that N or some of N features have a large quantity or a high degree.The semantic basis is its quantitative components in the types of absolute large number,a large number of relationships and a large number of comparisons.The most obvious manifestation of the construction is cross-category in the three patterns:from time to quantity,from quantity to degree,and from time to degree.The mechanism of its constructionalization is concession integration,independence from contrast context,and metaphorization.The negative form only means large number and may be without marking,while the affirmative one means a large or small number and requires marking.In cases of a large number,the marking of affirmative form and negative form is different.The negation form is greater in its semantic intensity and more subjective.