拔尖创新人才培养多元目标与单一实现机制的冲突——以我国研究型大学为样本的案例研究

The Conflict between the Diversified Objectives and the Unitary Mechanism of Cultivating Top-Notch Innovative Talents in China’s Research Universities

加强拔尖创新人才的自主培养,是研究型大学落实立德树人根本任务的具体体现。研究选取国内六所高水平研究型大学为案例,搜集了与拔尖创新人才培养相关的资料,以文本分析和多案例比较,对中国研究型大学拔尖创新人才培养模式进行剖析,重点揭示培养目标与实现机制之间的关系。研究发现,当前中国研究型大学在拔尖创新人才的培养目标上具有多元取向,具体表现为学科背景多元、素质结构多元、发展方向多元;然而实践中,拔尖创新人才的选拔、师资配备和评价等实现机制却趋于单一化,形成了人才培养的多元目标与单一实现机制的冲突。论文探讨了造成该冲突的深层次原因,并据此提出研究型大学在拔尖创新人才的培养过程中,应处理好理想目标与实践逻辑、全面发展与专业拔尖、促成人人成才与培养学术精英这三对关系。

Strengthening the independent training of top-notch innovative talents is a concrete manifestation for research universities to implement the mission of‘Talents and Moral Cultivation’.This study selects six high-level research universities in China as cases,collects detailed information related to the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents,and analyzes the cultivation mode of top-notch innovative talents in Chinese research universities with textual analysis and multiple case comparisons,focusing on revealing the relationship between the training objective and the realization mechanism.The study finds that at present,research universities in China have diversified objectives for the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents,specifically in terms of diversified disciplinary backgrounds,quality structures and development fields;however,in practice,the selection,faculty allocation and evaluation of top-notch innovative talents and other realization mechanisms tend to be unitary,forming a conflict between the diversified objectives of talent cultivation and the unitary realization mechanism.The paper discusses the underlying causes of this conflict and proposes that research universities should deal with the relationship between ideal goals and practical logic,holistic development and professional excellence,and the achievement of talent for all and the cultivation of academic elites in the process of cultivating top-notch innovative talents.