家庭资本对我国教育代际流动性别差异的影响——基于CGSS2017年数据

The Influence of Family Capital on Gender Differences in Intergenerational Mobility of Education in China

基于中国综合社会调查CGSS2017年数据,计算中国及各省份教育代际流动指数,构建父母—子女教育转换矩阵,分析中国及不同省份教育代际流动的性别差异,并运用多变量回归分析家庭资本各维度对全国及各省份教育代际流动性别差异的影响。结果表明:(1)子女受教育水平有一定的代际继承性,女性教育代际流动指数高于男性,表明儿子的教育代际继承性更强,女儿受原生家庭受教育水平的影响相对要小,在教育水平提升方面总体上也比儿子的表现更好;(2)父母受教育水平在不同分位发挥的作用不同,在低分位母亲受教育水平对子代的影响更强,在高分位父亲的影响更强;(3)全国整体教育代际流动水平较高,且处于高流动水平的女性比例高于男性,说明教育的性别不平等在逐步缩小;(4)家庭资本各维度中对教育代际流动影响强度最大的是经济资本,其次是政治资本,再次为文化资本、家庭综合地位,社会资本的影响最小;(5)教育代际流动水平越高的地区,显著影响教育代际流动指数的家庭资本因素越少,显著影响女性教育代际流动指数的家庭资本因素多于男性。基于此,可以通过适当的公共政策影响及改变子女成长的家庭资本,保证合理的教育代际流动,促进教育公平。

Based on the data of China Comprehensive Social Survey(CGSS)in 2017,this paper calculates the inter-generational mobility index of education in China and in different provinces.This paper builds a parent-child education transition matrix to analyze the gender differences in inter-generational mobility of education in China and in different provinces,and use multiple regression to analyze the impact of various dimensions of family capital on the gender differences in inter-generational mobility of education.The results show that:(1)The education level of children has a certain inter-generational inheritance,and the inter-generational mobility index of female education is higher than that of male education,indicating that the sons’education inter-generational inheritance is stronger.Daughters are relatively less affected by the education level of the original family,and their overall performance in improving the education level is better than sons;(2)The education level of parents plays different roles in different fraction segment.The education level of mothers in the low fraction segment has a stronger impact on their children,and the influence of fathers in the high fraction segment is stronger;(3)The overall level of inter-generational mobility in education across the country is high,and the proportion of women with the high mobility level is higher than that of men,indicating that gender inequality in education is gradually narrowing;(4)Among the dimensions of family capital,economic capital has the greatest impact on the inter-generational mobility of education,followed by political capital,cultural capital and family general status,and social capital has the least impact.(5)The higher the level of education inter-generational mobility is,the less the family capital factors that significantly affect the education inter-generational mobility index.The family capital factors that significantly affect the education inter-generational mobility index of women are more than men.The research enlightens us that we can ensure a reasonable inter-generational flow of education and promote education equity through appropriate public policies to influence and change the family capital for children’s growth.