农地确权对农户收入异质性的影响研究——基于西部六省份调研数据

Research on the Impact of Farmland Certification on Farmers’ Income Heterogeneity:Evidence from Six Provinces of Western Region

基于2019年我国西部6省份农村集体产权制度改革试点区域的1673户农户家庭调研数据,构建“农地确权—农地流转和农户兼业—农户收入”的理论分析框架,运用中介效应模型实证分析农地确权对农户收入异质性的影响。研究发现:第一,总体上农地确权有助于提高农户家庭收入水平,由于农户存在离农未离地的兼业化生产状态,其对农业收入促进作用高于非农业收入;第二,农地流转和农户兼业在农地确权对农户收入异质性的影响路径中发挥了显著的中介传导作用,同时选择子样本和替代变量进行稳健性检验后发现,农地流转和农户兼业变量的中介传导作用依然存在;第三,中介效应作用发挥方面,横向上农户兼业中介效应高于农地流转,纵向上总收入中介效应高于农业和非农业收入。因此,西部样本地区在继续完善农地确权政策收尾工作基础上,需要进一步深化农地制度改革,在培育健康的农地流转市场和大力发展非农产业等方面进行配套措施改革以提高农户家庭收入异质性水平。

Using the survey data of 1673 households in the pilot areas of rural collective property rights reform in six western provinces in China in 2019,this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of “farmland confirmation-farmland transfer and farmers’ part-time employment-farmers’ income” and studies the impact of farmland certification on farmers’ income heterogeneity by the mediated-effect model.The research shows that:first,farmland certification can improve the income level of farmers on the whole.This promoting effect on agricultural income is higher than that on non-agricultural income because of the part-time production status under which farmers are absent from agricultural activity but not from farmland.Second,farmland transfer and farmers’ part-time employment play a significantly intermediary transmission role in the impact path of farmland certification on household income.Moreover,this role still exists after robust tests using subsamples and alternative variables.Third,in terms of the role of the mediation effect,laterally,the farmers’ part-time employment is higher than farmland transfer.Vertically,the total income is higher than agricultural and non-agricultural income.Therefore,in the western sample areas,on the basis of continuing to improve the final work of farmland certification policy,it is necessary to carry out such supporting reform measures as further deepening the reform of farmland system,fostering a healthy farmland transfer market,and strongly developing non-agricultural industries,to increase farmers’ heterogeneous income level.