主权独享 共同开发--斯瓦尔巴群岛争端的化解及其启示

Peaceful Development on the Basis of Exclusive Sovereignty-The Settlement of the Svalbard Dispute and Its Enlightenment

斯瓦尔巴群岛位于北极圈内,19世纪末,欧洲国家围绕该岛屿的主权归属与开发出现争端。通过协商谈判,1920年有关各国签署了《斯瓦尔巴条约》。条约明确群岛主权归属挪威,但同时又确保其他缔约方享受平等的岛屿利用和开发权,开创了领土主权与开发权相分离的斯瓦尔巴模式。斯瓦尔巴模式蕴含着对领土主权概念的全新阐释,推动了岛屿争端的和平解决,又为区域和平与岛屿资源开发提供了坚实保障,从而最大程度地维护了各方共同利益,为解决当下复杂的岛屿争端提供了有益的历史借鉴。

Svalbard Islands are located in the Arctic Circle.At the end of the 19^(th) century,European countries disputed over the sovereignty and development rights over the islands.Through consultations and negotiations,the Svalbard Treaty was signed in the year 1920.The treaty made it clear that the sovereignty of the islands belonged to Norway,but at the same time ensured other parties equal access and development rights to the islands,creating a“Svalbard Model”that separated territorial sovereignty from development rights.The“Svalbard Model”contained a new interpretation of the concept of territorial sovereignty,promoted a peaceful settlement of island disputes,and provided a solid guarantee for regional peace and the development of island resources,thus maximizing the common interests of all parties and providing a useful historical reference for the resolution of current complex island disputes.