救灾与防灾的中间手段:民国时期的以工代赈

The Intermediate Means of Disaster Relief and Prevention:Relief by Work in the Period of the Republic of China

1920年北方五省大旱后,以工代赈成为民国时期灾后主要赈灾手段。与急赈相比,以工代赈能够在救灾的同时,谋求各地根本福利,直接救灾与间接防灾并举,成为兼施标本之法;与以防灾为重心的建设救灾相比,以工代赈虽为善后救济之举,属灾后补救之法,但与建设救灾理念配合,既补充建设救灾的当下救灾收效,又扩展其自身的防灾收效。以工代赈与急赈、建设救灾相互配合,呈现递进关系,与急赈构成互补,与建设救灾建立联系,成为连接救灾与防灾的中间手段,倡于全国。

After the great drought in the five northern provinces in 1920,work-for-work relief became the main disaster relief means in the Republic of China.Compared with emergency relief,work-for-work relief can simultaneously seek the fundamental welfare of localities while providing disaster relief,and simultaneously direct disaster relief and indirect disaster prevention has become a method of applying specimens at the same time.Compared with construction and disaster relief,which focuses on disaster prevention,although work-for-work relief is a post-disaster remedial action,it is coordinated with the concept of construction and disaster relief,which not only complements the current disaster relief results,but also expands its own disaster prevention effectively.Work-for-work relief,emergency relief,and construction disaster relief cooperate with each other,presenting a progressive relationship,complementing emergency relief,establishing a connection with construction disaster relief,and becoming an intermediate means connecting disaster relief and disaster prevention,which is advocated throughout the country.