基于安全疏散角度的医院门诊楼设计因素研究

Design Factors of Hospital Outpatient Building in Terms of Safe Evacuation

为有效提高医院门诊楼人员安全疏散效率,降低人员疏散风险,选取某综合医院门诊楼为研究对象,通过实地调研确定人员相关信息,利用Pathfinder软件建立仿真模型并进行疏散模拟,从平面布局、疏散门宽度、楼梯设计及功能分区4个角度探究人员的安全疏散情况。结果表明:合理的平面布局方式能提高疏散效率;采用两跑楼梯较三跑楼梯疏散效率提高11%;当疏散门宽度与梯段宽一致时达到相对最佳疏散效率,但宽度需综合考虑因素而定;针对不同人群使用特点合理布置功能分区能有效减少疏散时间。可见通过适宜的建筑设计优化可以有效提高医院门诊楼人群的安全疏散效率,降低灾害风险。

In order to improve the personnel safety evacuation efficiency of the hospital outpatient building,a general hospital outpatient building was chosen as the research object and the personnel information was confirmed through field investigation.The evacuation model was set by Pathfinder software.The safe evacuation of personnel was explored from four aspects:plane layout,evacuation door width,staircase design and functional zoning.The results show that a reasonable layout can improve the evacuation efficiency.The use of two-run stairs increases the evacuation efficiency by 11%compared with three-run stairs.The relative optimal evacuation efficiency can be achieved when the width of the evacuation door is consistent with that of the stair,but it needs to be determined by comprehensive consideration.Arranging functional zones according to the characteristics of different groups can effectively reduce the evacuation time.Appropriate architectural design optimization can effectively improve the safety evacuation efficiency of hospital outpatient buildings and reduce disaster risks.