由“舍小取大”现象看华语与早期国语的一致性

On the Consistency between the Chinese Language and Early Chinese from the Perspective of the Phenomenon of“Replacing a Small Word with a Big Word”

“舍小取大”现象系指在具体的语境中,用上位词或语义范围大的词取代下位词或语义范围小的词,这是华语词汇运用中一种独具特色的常见现象,与普通话形成非常明显的差异。文章选取具有比较典型“舍小取大”表现的四组/个词,即“懂(得)”“拯救”“开幕”和“个”,考察其在早期国语中的相同表现,进而证明华语词汇及其运用与早期国语之间的一致性。

The phenomenon of“replacing a small word with a big word”means that superordinate words or words with large semantic range replace subordinate words or words with small semantic range in a specific context,which is a very characteristic phenomenon in the use of Chinese vocabulary,and this phenomenon is very different from Mandarin.This paper selects four groups of words or four words with typical performance of“replacing a small word with a big word”,that is,“understand(get)”,“save”,“opening”and“unit”,to investigate their same performance in the early Mandarin,so as to prove the consistency between Chinese vocabulary and its use and early Chinese.