高水平开放背景下的生物多样性安全:现状、问题及展望

Biodiversity security under high-level opening:status,problems and prospects

随着人类经济活动范围的增加,全球生态承载力日趋接近极限,生物物种数量锐减,世界各国的生物多样性面临严峻威胁。人们通过生产加工与商品出口的方式进行经济生产活动,也无形中破坏了生物原有栖息地,这直接导致了世界上30%的生物多样性损失。生物多样性资源是农、林、牧、副、渔业经营利用的直接对象,如果生物多样性受到破坏,则有可能引发第六次物种大灭绝的提前到来。生物多样性对人类社会特别是经济的可持续发展至关重要,受到了国际社会的高度重视。本文对生物多样性安全的研究文献进行了积极探索,针对生物多样性保护,从对外开放对生物多样性的影响、生物多样性评价、生态安全、生物多样性监测预警和生物多样性保护探索五个方面进行论述,以此提出完善生物多样性安全保护体系的有益思路。

With the increase in the scope of human economic activity,the global ecological carrying capacity is approaching its limits.The number of biological species has plummeted and biodiversity in countries around the world is under serious threat.People carry out economic production activities through production and processing and commodity export,this have also inadvertently destroyed the original habitats of organisms,this virtually destroys the original habitat of organisms,which has directly contributed to the loss of 30%of the world’s biodiversity.Biodiversity resources are the direct object of management and use by agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,sideline,and fisheries.If biodiversity is destroyed,it could trigger the early arrival of the sixth mass extinction of species.Biodiversity is vital to the sustainable development of human society,especially the economy,and is highly valued by the international community.This paper actively explores the research literature on biodiversity security and addresses five aspects of biodiversity conservation:the impact of opening to the outside world on biodiversity,biodiversity evaluation,ecological security,biodiversity monitoring and early warning,and exploration of biodiversity conservation,as a way of proposing useful ideas for improving the biodiversity security protection system.