莫里斯“生活艺术化”思想在民国的流变

The Change of Morris s“Artistic Life”Thought in the Republic of China

五四新文化运动时期,威廉·莫里斯“生活艺术化”思想受到学界关注。莫里斯倡导艺术民主与自由,并通过阶级斗争推翻资本主义制度实现“生活艺术化”,这一艺术社会主义思想备受推崇。1935年,与生产化、军事化三位一体的“生活艺术化”被“御用”为新生活运动第二阶段的口号。文字的偶合却无法遮蔽二者的本质区别,此时的“生活艺术化”是“礼义廉耻”的衍生,是伦理与道统的工具。然而,南京国民政府为何要启用这个流传甚广,却又明显有歧义的口号?南京国民政府有意挪用这一口号,体现了其对五四新文化精神既拒斥又不得不有所继承的尴尬姿态,而文化界或缄默或阳奉阴违,应者寥寥。

During the May Fourth New Culture Movement,democracy and liberty demonstrated in William Morris s ideas of“happy labor”and“artistic life”,are finally supposed to be fulfilled by overthrowing capitalism through class struggle.The aesthetic socialism advocated by Morris was well received.In 1935,artistic life together with productive and military life constitutes the trinity of slogan in the second phase of the New Life Movement.The coincidence of the words could not cover up the essential discrepancy and artistic life was then reduced to ethic and political tool.However,Nanjing Government deliberately appropriated the slogan,which reflected the awkwardness of no-choice but inherit it.As a result,the intellectual circle remained taciturn or covertly rejected.