焦亚硫酸钠在虾类黑变控制中的应用研究

Study on the application of sodium metabisulfite in preventing melanosis of Trachypenaeus curvirostris

目的探究焦亚硫酸钠预防鹰爪糙对虾黑变的最佳条件。方法以鹰爪糙对虾为研究对象,采用蒸馏法检测经焦亚硫酸钠处理后的对虾中SO_(2)残留量及其在冷藏过程中的变化规律,采用感官评分法进行防黑效果评价。结果在符合国家标准限量(即SO_(2)残留量不超过0.1 g/kg)前提下,适宜浓度的焦亚硫酸钠溶液处理可以有效延缓鹰爪糙对虾的黑变,且焦亚硫酸钠主要在贮藏前期起到延缓黑变的作用。其中,3.0 g/L焦亚硫酸钠溶液浸泡对虾4min可以有效延缓对虾黑变开始时间,降低黑变程度。5.0g/L焦亚硫酸钠溶液浸泡对虾30s,在贮藏前96h内的黑变抑制效果更为明显。尽管对虾经该浓度的焦亚硫酸钠溶液处理后,虾体内的SO_(2)残留量略高于国家标准限量,但SO_(2)在贮藏过程中含量会发生减少,贮藏12h时即降至国家标准限量以下。结论3.0 g/L焦亚硫酸钠溶液浸泡对虾4 min或5.0 g/L焦亚硫酸钠溶液浸泡对虾30 s,两种处理工艺均可显著抑制鹰爪糙对虾贮藏过程中的黑变。从防黑变效果来看,焦亚硫酸钠高浓度、短时间处理组的防黑变效果更优。

Objective To explore the best conditions of sodium metabisulfite preventing melanosis of Trachypenaeus curvirostris.Methods Taking Trachypenaeus curvirostris as the research object,the SO_(2) residue in shrimp treated with sodium metabisulfite and its change in the refrigeration process were detected by distillation method,and the anti-black effect was evaluated by sensory scoring method.Results Under the premise of complying with the national standard limit(the residual amount of SO_(2) did not exceed 0.1 g/kg),the treatment of sodium metabisulfite solution at a suitable concentration could effectively delay the blackness of Trachypenaeus curvirostris,and sodium metabisulfite mainly played a role in delaying blackness in the early stage of storage.Among them,soaking shrimp in 3.0 g/L sodium metabisulfite solution for 4 min could effectively delay the start time of shrimp melanosis and reduce the degree of melanosis.Shrimp was soaked in 5.0 g/L sodium metabisulfite solution for 30 s,and the blackness inhibition effect was more obvious within 96 h before storage.Although the residue of SO_(2)in shrimp after being treated with this concentration of sodium metabisulfite solution was slightly higher than the national standard limit,the SO_(2) content in the storage process would decrease,and it would drop below the national standard limit when stored for 12 h.Conclusion 3.0 g/L sodium metabisulfite solution soaked shrimp for 4 min or 5.0 g/L sodium metabisulfite solution soaked shrimp for 30 s,both treatment processes can significantly inhibit the blackness during the storage process of Trachypenaeus curvirostri.From the perspective of anti-blacking effect,the anti-blacking effect of sodium metabisulfite with high concentration and short-term treatment group is better.