西北农村教育变迁管窥:基于白塔小学的历史书写

The Evolution of Rural Education in Northwest China:Based on the Historical Writing of Baita Primary School

乡村小学作为乡土社会的文化中心,在我国乡村振兴中发挥着教育儿童、传承乡土文化、促进乡村社区和合等多重社会职能,书写校史能够管窥农村教育变迁过程。白塔小学作为人才培养的教育场域和社会改造的文化场域,解决了西北地区三个较大自然村落的儿童就学问题,发挥着涵养精神文明的功能,然而这所承载着村民们集体记忆的乡村学校发展历史却无人书写。因此,本研究根据西北地区乡村白塔小学时任校长后志安先生的口述史、工作笔记、生活札记以及乡里乡亲的见闻趣谈收集史料,并按照学校校名更替的分期标准将白塔小学发展历程分为白塔民办初级小学、中寨公社白塔民办小学、中寨乡白塔民办小学、中寨乡白塔小学、中寨镇白塔小学、岷县中寨镇白塔小学共六个阶段并加以书写,以期为基层教育实践者、学术研究者和教育决策者管窥西北地区的农村教育提供有价值的史料。

As the cultural center of rural society,rural primary schools play multiple social functions such as educating children,inheriting rural culture,and promoting rural community harmony in rural revitalization of China.Writing school history can give a glimpse of the changing process of rural education.As an educational field for talent training and a cultural field for social transformation,Baita Primary School solves the problem of children’s schooling in three large natural villages in the northwest region and plays the role of spiritual civilization.Although this village carries the collective memory of the villagers,the history of the school’s development has yet to be written.Therefore,this research collects historical materials based on the oral history,work notes,life notes and the stories of villagers from Mr.Hou Zhi’an,the principal of the Baita Primary School in the northwest region,and divides the development of Baita Primary School according to the changes of school names.It consists of six stages:Baita Private Primary School,Zhongzhai Commune Baita Private Primary School,Zhongzhai Township Baita Private Primary School,Zhongzhai Township Baita Primary School,Zhongzhai Town Baita Primary School,and Minxian Zhongzhai Town Baita Primary School.It is written in order to provide valuable historical materials for grassroots education practitioners,academic researchers and educational decision-makers to have a glimpse of rural education in the northwest region.