绿色木霉Tv-1511及其生物有机肥对盐碱地小麦、玉米生长及其产量的影响

Effects of Trichoderma viride Tv-1511 and Its Bio-organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Wheat and Maize in Saline-Alkali Soil

滨海盐碱地是具有农业开发利用条件的重要土地资源,但其特殊的土壤理化性质严重制约植物生长。木霉生物有机肥在改善盐碱地、提高植物耐盐性中发挥着重要作用。本研究根据本单位前期分离得到的一株绿色木霉Tv-1511,设置不同浓度NaCl溶液模拟盐胁迫条件以评价其耐盐性;通过水培试验,研究Tv-1511孢子液对盐胁迫条件下小麦幼苗生长和生理特性的影响;通过田间试验,探究Tv-1511木霉生物有机肥与减量化肥配施对小麦和玉米生长和产量的影响。结果表明,绿色木霉Tv-1511具有较强的耐盐活性,在含400 mmol/L NaCl的PDA培养基上生长良好,且随着培养时间延长,NaCl对其生长的影响呈持续下降趋势。Tv-1511能够缓解盐胁迫对小麦生长和光合作用的抑制,促进盐胁迫条件下小麦的生长和光合作用强度,降低小麦细胞中过氧化氢积累,增强抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性,提高小麦的耐盐性。Tv-1511生物有机肥替代化肥15%、30%和100%均可显著促进玉米和小麦的生长,提高其产量,其中替代比例为30%时促生增产效果最显著。与不施肥CK相比,Tv-1511生物有机肥替代30%化肥处理组小麦和玉米产量分别提高62.90%和71.76%;与常规施肥CF相比提高34.57%和39.69%,差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05)。综上,绿色木霉Tv-1511及其生物有机肥有解盐、促生和增产等多方面功能,具有良好的开发应用前景。

The coastal saline-alkali soil is recognized as an important land resource with utilization value for agriculture,however,its special soil physical and chemical properties seriously inhibited the plant growth.Trichoderma-enriched bio-organic fertilizer plays a significant role in improving saline-alkali soil and assisting plants to tolerate salt stress.In this study,with an early isolated Trichoderma viride strain Tv-1511 as experimental material,its salt tolerance was evaluated by setting different NaCl concentrations to simulate salt stress conditions,and the effects of its spore liquid on growth and physiological characteristics of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)seedlings under salt stress were studied through hydroponics experiment.The field experiments were also carried out to explore the effects of combined application of Tv-1511 enriched bio-organic fertilizer and reduced chemical fertilizer on growth and yield of wheat and maize(Zea mays L.).The results showed that T.viride Tv-1511 had stronger salt tolerance,and grew well in the PDA medium containing 400 mmol/L NaCl;with the extension of culture time,the influence of NaCl on its growth showed a continuous downward trend.Tv-1511 could relief the inhibition of NaCl stress on wheat growth and photosynthesis,showing wheat growth and photosynthesis intensity promoted under salt stress.Tv-1511 reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in wheat cells and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxide dismutase(POD)and catalase(CAT),so as to increase the salt tolerance of wheat.Tv-1511 bio-organic fertilizer substituted for 15%,30%and 100%of chemical fertilizers could significantly promote the growth of maize and wheat and increase their yield;especially when the ratio of substitution was 30%,the yield of wheat and maize increased by 62.90%and 71.76%compared with no fertilization(CK)and 34.57%and 39.69%compared with conventional fertilization(CF),and all the differences reached significant level(P<0.05).In conclusion,T.viride Tv-1511 and its bio-organic fertilizer had many functions such as salt stress relief,growth promotion and yield increase,so it would have good development and application prospects.