测土优化施放有机无机复混肥对香蕉产量、效益及土壤质量的影响

Study on Effects of Banana Yield,Benefit and Soil Quality by Optimized Application of Soil Testing and Organic-inorganic Compound Fertilizer

部分地区香蕉施肥主要依靠种植户的经验,往往超过合理的肥料施用量且出现中微量元素、有机肥施用不足等现象,易对香蕉生产及土壤环境造成不利影响。结合蕉园土壤状况,按照香蕉生长规律及其所需的营养比例,以农民传统施肥(CK)为对照,通过优化施肥(T 0)及有机无机复混肥施肥T 1(100%优化施肥养分)、T 2(90%优化施肥养分)、T_(3)(80%优化施肥养分)研究不同施肥方式影响。结果表明:优化施肥与农民传统施肥(C K)相比,土壤有机质、p H值,香蕉叶片全氮含量、香蕉产量没有明显差异,但经济收入增加了7787元/h m 2;有机无机复混肥施肥与农民传统施肥(C K)相比,土壤有机质均有提升,其中,T 1施肥处理最高(28.27 g/k g),显著高于CK(25.03g/kg);土壤pH值均显著高于CK(4.93),其中T_(2)施肥处理最高(5.79),其次T_(1)(5.57)、T_(3)(5.22);香蕉叶片全氮均显著高于CK(2.56%),其中T_(1)施肥处理最高(2.73%),其次T_(2)(2.70%)、T_(3)(2.70%);香蕉产量均显著高于CK(61272kg/hm^(2)),其中T_(2)施肥处理最高(64840kg/hm^(2)),其次T_(1)(64714kg/hm^(2))、T_(3)(63731kg/hm^(2));在香蕉经济效益方面,有机无机复混肥施肥处理均高于CK,其中最高为T_(3)(8061元/hm^(2)),其次为T_(2)(7703元/hm^(2))、T_(1)(5369元/hm^(2))。因此,在酸性砖红壤、土壤条件处于中上水平的旱坡地,结合香蕉生长需肥特点,施放有机无机复混肥能有效改善土壤酸性,提高香蕉对氮素的利用率,从而促进香蕉生长、增产、增效。其中,从改善土壤质量,增加经济效益考虑,T_(2)施肥处理值得广东雷州半岛香蕉种植施肥借鉴。

Fertilization of banana mainly depends on the experience of growers in some areas,and often exceeds the reasonable amount of fertilizer application with the phenomenon of insufficient application of medium and trace elements and organic fertilizer,which is easy to cause adverse effects on banana production and soil environment.In this paper,combined with the soil condition of banana orchard,according to the growth law of banana and the required nutrient ratio,and taking farmers'traditional fertilization(CK)as the control,optimized fortilization(T0)organicinorganic compound fertilizer T_(1)(100%analyzed fertilization nutrient),T_(2)(90%optimized fertilization nutrient),T_(3)(80%optimized fertilization nutrient)were analyzed.The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil organic matter,pH value,total nitrogen content in banana leaves and banana yield between optimized fertilization(T0)and traditional fertilization(CK)(P<0.05),but the economic income has been increased by 7787 yuan/hm^(2).Compared with farmers'traditional fertilization(CK)(P<0.05),organic-inorganic compound fertilizer can increase soil organic matter,among which T_(1) fertilization was the highest(28.27 g/kg),significantly higher than CK(25.03 g/kg);soil pH values were significantly higher than CK(4.93),among which T_(2) fertilization was the highest(5.79),followed by T_(1)(5.57)and T_(3)(5.22);total nitrogen contents in banana leaves were significantly higher than that in CK(2.56%),among which T_(1) fertilization was the highest(2.73%),followed by T_(2)(2.70%)and T_(3)(2.70%);the yields of banana were significantly higher than that of CK(61272 kg/hm^(2)),among which T_(2) fertilization was the highest(64840 kg/hm^(2)),followed by T_(1)(64714 kg/hm^(2))and T_(3)(63731 kg/hm^(2)).In terms of economic benefits of banana,organicinorganic compound fertilizer was higher than CK,among which T_(3)(8061 yuan/hm^(2))was the highest,followed by T_(2)(7703 yuan/hm^(2))and T_(1)(5369 yuan/hm^(2)).Therefore,in the dry sloping field with acidic red latosol where the soil fertility is above medium level,combined with the characteristics of fertilizer requirement for banana growth,the application of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer could effectively improve the soil acidity and increase the utilization rate of nitrogen in banana,thereby promoting the growth,yield and benefit of banana.In consideration of improving soil quality and increasing economic benefits,T_(2) fertilization would be worthy of reference for banana planting and fertilization in Leizhou Peninsula,Guangdong.