简化基因组测序在畜禽应用中的研究进展

Research progress on the reduced-representation genome sequencing in livestock and poultry applications

简化基因组测序(reduced-representation genome sequencing,RRGS)是指利用生物信息学方法设计标记开发方案,富集特异性长度片段,应用高通量测序技术获得海量标签序列来代表目标物种全基因组信息的测序方法。通过RRGS能够发现更多新的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点,为研究控制畜禽生长发育、肉质调控、代谢调节基因及其遗传进化多样性提供重要基础分析数据。文章主要对RRGS中的限制性酶切位点相关DNA测序(restriction-site associated DNA,RAD-seq)、2b-RAD(ⅡB restriction-site associated DNA)、双酶切简化基因组测序(double digest RAD,ddRAD-seq)和基因分型测序(genotyping by sequencing,GBS)四种技术原理及在畜禽分子标记开发、遗传图谱构建和数量性状定位(QTL)方面的应用进行综述,旨在为简化基因组测序在畜禽育种研究中的应用提供基础资料。

Reduced-Representation Genome Sequencing(RRGS) refers to the use of bioinformatic methods to design marker development programs, to enrich specific length fragments, and to use high-throughput sequencing technology to obtain massive tag sequences to represent the whole genome information of the target species. More new single nucleotide polymorphisms(Single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP) can be discovered through RRGS, which provide simportant basic analysis data for the study of livestock and poultry growth and development, meat quality regulation, metabolism regulation genes and the genetic diversity of livestock and poultry. This paper mainly reviewed the principles of restriction site related DNA sequencing(Restriction-site associated DNA,RAD-seq), 2 b-RAD(ⅡB Restriction-site associated DNA), double restriction endonuclease digestion simplified genome sequencing(Double digest RAD, ddRAD) and genotyping sequencing(Genotyping By Sequencing, GBS) in RRGS and their applications in molecular marker development, genetic map construction and quantitative trait mapping(QTL) mapping of livestock and poultry. The purpose of this paper was to provide basic data for simplifying the application of genome sequencing in livestock and poultry breeding.