河南省主栽高产花生品种主要农艺性状和品质性状分析

Analysis on Main Agronomic and Quality Characters of High Yield Peanut Varieties in Henan Province

了解花生高产品种的遗传特性,可以为花生品种的选育提供理论依据和技术支持。以河南省主栽的不同类型的28份花生种质资源为试材,采用变异分析、相关分析、主成分分析、多元回归分析、偏相关分析和通径分析方法,对花生10个农艺性状(主茎高度、侧枝长度、总分枝数、结果枝数、饱果数、秕果数、百果重、百仁重、出米率、单株生产力)和4个品质性状(粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量、油酸含量、亚油酸含量)进行多元统计分析,以揭示产量性状和品质性状之间的相关性,明确提高产量的关键因素。变异分析结果表明,秕果数、结果枝数、饱果数和单株生产力的的变异系数较大,指标值分别为46.65%、40.89%、30.13%和26.13%,品种间存在丰富的变异类型;其他性状的变异系数为3.62%~17.83%,遗传特性相对稳定。相关分析结果表明,侧枝长度和结果枝数与单株生产力呈极显著正相关,主茎高度和饱果数与单株生产力呈显著正相关。主成分分析结果表明,14个主要性状可聚为6个主成分,累计方差贡献率达到88.1380%。多元回归、偏相关和通径分析结果表明,总分枝数(X_(3))、结果枝数(X_(4))和饱果数(X_(5))与单株生产力(Y)具有明显的线性效应,最佳多元回归方程为Y=13.0678-1.8381X_(3)+1.1653X_(4)+1.2410X_(5),总分枝数为负效应因子,结果枝数和饱果数为正效应因子。

Understanding the genetic characteristics of high yield peanut varieties can provide theoretical basis and technical support for peanut breeding.Using 28 peanut germplasm resources of different types planted mainly in Henan Province as test materials,the methods of variance analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis,multiple regression analysis,partial correlation analysis and path analysis were adopted,10 agronomic characters(height of main stem,length of lateral branches,total number of branches,number of fruiting branches,number of full fruits,number of blighted fruits,weight of 100 fruits,weight of 100 kernels,kennel yield rate and productivity per plant)and 4 quality characters(crude protein content,crude fat content,oleic acid content and linoleic acid content)of peanut were analyzed by multiple statistics to reveal the correlation between yield characters and quality characters,and identify the key factors to improve yield.The results of variation analysis showed that the variation coefficient of the number of blighted fruits,the number of fruiting branches,the number of full fruits and the productivity of a single plant were large,and the index values were 46.65%,40.89%,30.13%and 26.13%,respectively.There were rich variation types among varieties.The coefficient of variation of other characters was 3.62%-17.83%,and the genetic characteristics were relatively stable.The results of correlation analysis showed that the length of lateral branches and the number of bearing branches was very significantly positively correlated with the productivity per plant and the height of main stem was significantly positively correlated with and the number of full fruits and productivity per plant.The results of principal component analysis showed that 14 main characters could be grouped into 6 principal components,and the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 88.1380%.The results of multiple regression,partial correlation and path analysis showed that the total number of branches(X_(3)),the number of fruiting branches(X_(4))and the number of full fruits(X_(5))had obvious linear effects on the productivity of a single plant(Y).The best multiple regression equation was Y=13.0678-1.8381X_(3)+1.1653X_(4)+1.2410X_(5).The total number of branches was a negative effect factor,and the number of fruiting branches and the number of full fruits were positive effects factors.