豆类芽苗菜种子发芽率影响因素研究

Study on Factors Affecting the Germination Rate of Bean Sprout Seeds

明确豆类种子发芽的适宜条件,可为芽苗菜优质高产栽培提供理论依据。以大豆、豌豆和绿豆种子为试材,研究了浸种时间、催芽温度和播种密度对种子发芽率的影响。结果表明:绿豆和豌豆的最适浸种时间均为24 h,发芽率分别达到97.00%和97.66%;大豆不宜长时间浸种,适宜的浸种时间为4~8 h,其中最适浸种时间为8 h,发芽率达到52.66%。大豆、豌豆和绿豆种子的最适催芽温度均为25℃,发芽率分别达到91.66%、98.66%和96.33%;温度太高(35℃)或太低(15℃)均不适合种子萌发。播种密度为0.3~0.5 kg/m^(2)时对豆类种子的发芽率普遍影响不大,播种密度超过0.5 kg/m^(2)后会导致种子发芽率显著降低,总体来看豆类种子的最适播种密度为0.5 kg/m^(2)。绿豆和豌豆浸种24 h,大豆浸种8 h,按照种子干重0.5 kg/m^(2)进行育种盘播种,在25℃黑暗条件下催芽,种子发芽率较高。

Clarifying the suitable conditions for germination of bean seeds can provide a theoretical basis for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of sprouting vegetable.Taking soybean,pea and mung bean seeds as the test materials,the effects of soaking time,germinating temperature and sowing density on seed germination rate were studied.The results showed that the optimum soaking time for both mung bean and pea was 24 h,and the germination rate reached 97.00%and 97.66%,respectively.Soybean should not be soaked for a long time,and the suitable soaking time was 4-8 h,of which the optimum soaking time was 8 h,and the germination rate reached 52.66%.The optimum germination temperature for soybean,pea and mung bean seeds was 25℃,and the germination rate reached 91.66%,98.66%and 96.33%,respectively.Too high(35℃)or too low(15℃)temperature was not suitable for seed germination.When the sowing density was 0.3-0.5 kg/m^(2),it generally had little effect on the germination rate of bean seeds.When the sowing density exceeded 0.5 kg/m^(2),the seed germination rate would be significantly reduced.In general,and the optimal sowing density of beans was 0.5 kg/m^(2).The seeds of mung beans and peas were soaked for 24 h,and the seeds of soybeans were soaked for 8 h,then the seeds were sown on the breeding plate according to the dry weight of 0.5 kg/m^(2).The germination rate of seeds was high under the dark condition of 25℃.