基于多源数据的广东省自然保护区人为干扰强度评价

Evaluation of human disturbance in nature reserves of Guangdong based on multi-source data

人为干扰威胁自然保护区的珍稀及濒危野生动植物。测度人为干扰强度对自然保护区的保护工作意义重大。本文基于高分遥感影像识别2015和2019年广东省省级以上自然保护区人为干扰景观,构建人为干扰强度指数,定量评价保护区人为干扰景观的时空变化特征,并采用腾讯用户密度数据进行对比验证。结果表明:(1)广东省省级以上自然保护区人为干扰强度总体不大,空间分布不均,呈东北较强、西南较弱的分布态势;(2)研究期内广东省省级以上自然保护区人为干扰强度下降明显,下降幅度高达81.8%。地形和交通等区位条件较好区域,人为干扰强度相对较强,且基本农田和人口占比越高的自然保护区,强度越大;(3)人为干扰强度评价结果与腾讯用户密度值具有一致性,强度越大,用户密度值越高,且位于城区或进行旅游开发的保护区具有更高的活跃度。

Human activities threaten the rare and endangered wildlife in nature reserves.Satellite remote sensing technology has advantages of high accuracy and objectivity in monitoring human activities in nature reserves.Tencent is the largest messaging and social media platform in China,with broad coverage.Tencent user density(TUD)dataset is thus a useful proxy of dynamic population distribution with the advantages of real-time and efficient.In this study,we identified the artificially disturbed landscapes in the national and provincial nature reserves in Guangdong Province in 2015 and 2019 based on the high-resolution remote sensing images.We quantitatively evaluated the spatiotemporal variations of the artificially disturbed landscapes in the nature reserves using a disturbance intensity index.We further used TUD data for comparison and verification.The results showed that:(1)The intensity of human disturbance in the nature reserves was not high in general.The spatial distribution was uneven,with a high intensity in the northeast and a low intensity in the southwest.(2)From 2015 to 2019,the disturbance index of human decreased by 81.8%.The intensity of human disturbance was relatively strong in the areas with good geographical conditions in terrain and traffic.The higher the proportion of basic farmland and population density,the greater the intensity was.(3)The evaluation results of human disturbance intensity were consistent with the TUD data.The higher the human disturbance intensity,the higher the TUD was.Nature reserves in urban areas and with tourism development had higher TUD.