栎类林对火的适应和响应研究进展

Research progress on fire adaptations and responses of Quercus forests

近年来,由于人类活动的影响,加之极端天气常现,森林火灾呈现持续多发且频发的趋势,火格局(发生季节、频率、强度等)也发生相应改变。尽管栎类林出现了各种不同频率和强度的火灾,但大多数栎类已经进化出能够在周期性火灾中生存的能力。需要明确栎类对森林火灾的响应,进而揭示栎类对火的适应性策略。本文从栎类林特征、燃烧性、栎类植物自然更新以及个体和种群对火干扰的适应与响应等方面入手,论述了栎类林对火的适应与响应,对其现存研究问题进行了分析,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。研究结果能够为生态恢复树种选择、防火树种筛选、生物防火林带营建等提供科学依据,有利于我国栎类的适地适树造林和管护,特别有利于火灾频发多发区域选择抗火性强的栎类树种;有利于对栎类的分类经营和管理,提高生产力;有利于栎类的高效综合利用,发挥生态、经济和社会效益。

Due to the influence of human activities and increasing frequency of extreme weather events,forest fires continue to occur frequently,and fire patterns(e.g.,season,frequency and intensity,etc.)change accordingly.Although fires with different frequencies and intensities occurred in Quercus forests,most Quercus species have evolved the ability to survive after periodic fires.It is necessary to elucidate the responses of Quercus to forest fires and reveal their adaptive strategies.In this review,we introduced the characteristics and flammability of Quercus forests,natural renewal of Quercus forests,the adaptations and responses of individuals and populations to fire disturbance,and discussed the adaptations and responses of Quercus forests to fire.We then analyzed the problems in current research,and put forward the future research direction.The results can provide scientific basis for the selection of tree species for ecological restoration,the selection of fire resistant tree species,and the construction of biological fire-resistant forest belt,which is conducive to the suitable afforestation and management of Quercus forest in China,especially for the selection of Quercus species with strong fire resistance in areas with frequent fires.Meanwhile,the results can help improve the efficiency of Quercus forest management,so that the goal of a comprehensive utilization of Quercus could be achieved,with their ecological,economic and social benefits being fully explored.