十足目甲壳类动物化学通讯的研究进展

Research progress in chemical communication of the decapod crustaceans

化学通讯对大多数动物的生存与繁殖都起着重要作用。一些生物可以通过化学通讯感知内外环境的信息变化,进而作出有利于自身的行为反应。对于大多数十足目甲壳类动物而言,化学感受是其最主要的感觉方式,触角是其最主要的感觉器官,它们识别环境中的化学信号分子,对其躲避敌害及交配繁殖等行为意义重大。不同的触角部位能够介导不同的信号通路,进而使生物对水体中不同化学信号作出更为准确且有效的判断,并反映在其行为中。随着分子技术的发展,愈来愈多的十足目甲壳类动物的嗅觉或化感受体被发现。嗅觉或化感受体是生物接收和传递信息的基础,不同受体所行使功能不同,对于不同物质的敏感性亦不同。挖掘与探究嗅觉及化感受体的结构与功能可以更好地了解十足目甲壳类动物化学通讯的机制。本文总结了十足目甲壳类动物的化学信号通讯机理,即化学感受器官接收化学信号后通过不同的传导途径产生生理、行为等变化,以及十足目甲壳类动物主要信息素的类型和功能,如性信息素、警报信息素、幼体释放信息素等。本文旨在为国内十足目甲壳类动物的研究提供参考资料。

Chemical communication plays an important role in the survival and reproduction of most animals.Some species can perceive internal and external environment changes through chemical communication and then react in favor of them.For most decapod crustaceans,chemosensory is the dominant sensory pathway.Antenna and antennule are the most important sensory organs of decapod crustaceans.The recognition of chemical signal molecules in the environment is of great significance to avoiding predators,mating,and reproduction.Different positions of antenna and antennule mediate different pathways and assist the organisms to make more accurate and effective judgments when responding to different signals.With the development of molecular technology,more olfactory receptors and chemoreceptors have been found.They are the basis of receiving and transmitting the information.Different receptors perform different functions and are sensitive to different substances.Exploring the structure and function of receptors will better reveal the mechanisms of chemical communication of decapod crustaceans.In this review,we summarized the mechanisms of chemical communication.After receiving chemical signals,chemosensory organs produce physiological and behavioral changes through different conduction pathways.We also summarized the main types and functions of pheromone in decapod crustaceans,including sex pheromone,alarm pheromone,and larval release pheromone.The purpose of this paper is to provide the theoretical references for research on decapod crustaceans.