非遗视域下贵州麻山苗族的族群记忆与身体实践——从“攀崖技艺”到“蜘蛛人”嬗变的人类学阐释

Ethnic Memory and Body Practice of Miao People in Mashan,Guizhou Province from the Perspective of Intangible Cultural Heritage:Anthropological Interpretation of the Evolution from “Cliff Climbing Skills” to “Spider Man”

贵州麻山苗族的攀崖技艺是苗族人民在长期的社会生活及生产活动中练就的独特技艺和宝贵的文化遗产,也是一个融合了族群历史、宗教信仰、价值观念、技术技艺为一体的宏大叙事体系,被列入贵州省省级第三批非物质文化遗产名录。笔者基于文化人类学、民族学、体育学相关理论,尝试探寻非遗视域下麻山苗族攀崖文化背后族群生命构筑的共同记忆,探究这一身体实践活动在历史长河中发生的蜕变,对其衍生形式及其传承要素进行剖析,以期在现代社会语境下该技艺得以赓续传承。

Mashan cliff climbing skills of the miao heritage produced in the longterm social life and production activities,are also a blend of the ethnic history,religious beliefs,values,technology skills as a system of grand narrative,and have been listed in Guizhou provincial third batch of intangible cultural heritage list. Based on the theories of cultural anthropology,ethnology and sports science,this paper attempts to explore the common memory of ethnic life behind the cliff-climbing culture of Miao people in Mashan from the perspective of intangible cultural heritage,and the transformation of this physical practice in the long history,and analyze its derivative forms and inheritance elements,in order to continuously inherit the skills in the context of modern society.