河南中小学生体育锻炼现状及其与身体素质和BMI的关系

Physical exercise of primary and middle school students in Henan Province and its relationship with physical fitness and BMI

目的分析河南省中小学生体育锻炼现状及其与身体素质的关系,为开展中小学体育教学工作提供参考。方法利用2019年河南省学生体质健康调研数据,计算身体素质指数(PFI)、体质量指数(BMI)等相关指标,描述体育锻炼相关情况,利用方差分析比较体育锻炼的男女、城乡差异,利用相关系数分析是否运动与PFI、BMI的相关性。结果学生在校期间每周2节体育课(41.9%)、每天1次课间操(44.5%)、每学年1次运动会(46.8%)、每天体育锻炼时间在0.5~1 h(50.1%)的占比最高。学生运动时间周末和总时长男生高于女生,上学日和总时长乡村学生高于城市学生。父母在课余时间支持和非常支持进行体育锻炼的占比最高(75.8%),父母都喜欢运动的占比最高(47.3%)。PFI和运动得分呈正相关,与不运动得分呈负相关;BMI和运动得分呈负相关,与不运动得分呈正相关(r值分别为0.12,-0.13,-0.20,0.14,P值均<0.01)。结论河南中小学生体育锻炼现状较合理。可通过提高学生运动积极性降低其超重肥胖发病率,提高身体素质。

Objective To analyze current status of physical exercise of primary and middle school students in Henan province,and to explore its relationship with physical fitness.Methods Data on physical exercise and related indicators among 9-18 years old students was retrieved from Henan Provincial Student Physical Fitness and Health Survey in 2019.Physical fitness index(PFI),body mass index(BMI)was calculated.ANOVA was used to compare differences of physical exercise between men and women,urban and rural areas.Correlations between physical exercise with PFI and BMI were evaluated.Results The majority of students had two PE classes per week(41.9%),daily active recess(44.5%),one sports meeting in each school year(46.8%),and half to one hour of physical exercise per day(50.1%).Boys were more likely to exercise than girls,while rural students were more likely to excecise than urban students.The proportion of parents who support sports activities in their spare time was the highest(75.8%),and the proportion of parents who both like sports was the highest(47.3%).PFI was positively correlated with exercise scores and negatively correlated with non-exercise scores.BMI was negatively correlated with exercise scores and positively correlated with non-exercise scores(r=0.12,-0.13,-0.20,0.14,P<0.01).Conclusion Physical exercise of primary and middle school students in Henan is satisfactory.Exercise scores are positively correlated with physical fitness,but negatively correlated with BMI.