我国体育院校花样跳绳运动队发展现状研究

Research on the Development of Synchronized Rope Skipping Sports Team in China's Sports Colleges

《体育强国建设纲要》中明确指出创新优秀运动员培养和组建模式的重要性,倡导各大院校参与到竞技体育中,提升竞技体育综合实力,为国家提供优秀的人才储备。文章采用了文献资料、问卷调查、专家访谈、数理统计等方法,对我国体育院校花样跳绳运动队进行现状研究与分析,研究结果表明:(1)教练员的年龄主要在25~35岁之间,偏年轻化,其学历、职称水平有待提高,教练级别和执教年限参差不齐,缺乏专业性培训;(2)运动员主要集中在大三年级,梯队建设和各年级阶段衔接没有出现断层的现象;入队前零基础运动员占比较高,但参与动机自主性较强,且入队后运动水平提高普遍较快;(3)运动队的训练频率大部分是一周三练,训练频次和时间不足,运动员专项技能水平的提升非常有限,训练方法的科学性仍需优化;(4)教练员制定训练计划主要依据备战赛事任务需要、表演需求、训练教学的需要,这样做到了因材施训和因赛施训,教练员在训练方法上采用个人特色经验教学,训练方法的科学性仍需进一步优化;(5)近两年,多数院校花样跳绳运动队整体参赛次数少、级别低,自选套路的创编仅限于对获奖套路的借鉴和复制,缺乏创新;场馆设施欠缺,医疗保障不足,经费渠道少且支配金额有限;(6)被调查院校保持领先的优势是:①教练级别是国际级,其在执教经验上极为丰富,在训练中更具有针对性;②该队每年参赛次数多达五次以上,这对于运动队的打磨成长起正向作用;③“基于课程、辅以院队”的专项训练,将课程体系中的专项课和业余时间的训练相结合,使其训练频率及时间都处于合理区间,满足运动队发展需要。以此根据现状提出相应建议,为高校花样跳绳运动队的发展提供可借鉴的参考依据。

The Outline for the Construction of a Strong Sports Country clearly points out the importance of innovating the mode of training and formation of outstanding athletes,and advocates the participation of major colleges and universities in competitive sports to improve the comprehensive strength of competitive sports and provide the country with excellent talent reserves.In this paper,literature,questionnaire survey,expert interview are used to study and analyze the current situation of figure jumping rope sports teams in China's sports colleges and universities.The conclusions of the study are as follows(.1)The age structure of coaches is young,the scientific research results are less,the level of education and titles need to be improved,the coaching level and years of coaching are uneven,and there is a lack of professional training.(2)The percentage of zero-based athletes before joining the team is high but the participation motivation is more autonomous,and the sport level generally improves after joining the team(.3)The frequency and time of training are not enough;the scientificity of training methods still needs to be optimized;the athletes are more motivated and more satisfied with the motivation method while the coaches are not.(4)Coaches develop training plans mainly based on the needs of the task of preparing for the competition,performance needs,training and teaching needs,so that training can be carried out according to the materials and matches.Coaches use personal characteristics experience teaching in training methods,and the scientific nature of training methods still needs to be further optimized.(5)The sports teams as a whole have few competitions,low level,and lack of innovation in competition routines.Most of the institutions are lacking in field facilities;insufficient medical care;few sources of funding and limited amount available.(6)The leading advantages of the surveyed universities are as follows:①the international coaches have rich teaching experience and targeted training;②the team participates more than five times a year,which plays a positive role in the growth of sports teams;③"curricular based,supplemented by college team"special training can combine special courses in the curriculum system with spare time training,so that setting the training frequency and time in a reasonable range to meet the development needs of sports teams.