厚概念:作为一种伦理学方法

Thick Concept:As a Kind of Ethics Method

受近代哲学的认识论转向和自然科学成为知识典范的影响,为追求伦理学知识的科学化,规则伦理学将确定性的道德概念作为体系化道德理论建构的基础,元伦理学则通过概念分析方法来进一步追问道德的性质。二者事实上都犯了维特根斯坦所指责的“试图从概念中找出真理”的误区。借鉴伯纳德·威廉斯所提出的“厚概念”,并将之拓展为一种伦理学方法,不仅可以揭示伦理知识作为实践知识的情境敏感性,为包含美德在内的大伦理学提供道德认识论、道德本体论和道德教育方法的系统说明;而且对于侧重从语用学角度来理解道德的中国传统伦理思想的现代诠释也更具适切性。

Under the influence of the epistemological turn of modern philosophy and the model of knowledgeof natural science,in order to pursue the scientific knowledge of ethics,Rule ethics takes the deterministic moralconcept as the basis of the construction of systematic moral theory,while meta-ethics further probes into thenature of morality through the method of conceptual analysis.In fact,both of them are guilty of Wittgenstein’s accusation of“trying to find truth from concepts”.Using the“thick concept”proposed by Bernard Williams forreference and expanding it into an ethical approach,it can not only reveal the situational sensitivity of ethicalknowledge as practical knowledge,but also provide a systematic explanation of moral epistemology,moralontology and moral education methods for Pan-ethics including virtue.Moreover,the modern interpretation of thetraditional Chinese ethical thought,which focuses on understanding morality from the perspective of pragmatics,is more relevant.