“华夷之辨”的理论价值与实践逻辑—— 基于中国古代文化安全思想的研究

The Theoretical Value and Practical Logic of"Differentiation between Hua(Chinese)and Yi(Ethnic Minorities)"——A Study of Cultural Security Concerns in Ancient China

在总体国家安全观视域中,“华夷之辨”可被视为中国古代的文化安全思想,包含“严夷夏之防”“用夏变夷”和“王者无外”三种理论形态,蕴含着丰富的智慧。秦汉以后的汉人王朝和少数民族政权的文化安全建设,皆会因时势变化地灵活运用这三种理论作为实践指导,在防止外来文化冲击本土文化、用先进文化影响其他文化、促进不同文化融合发展等方面发挥了重要作用,从而使中华文化凝聚成为一个“多元一体”的大文化系统:以华夏文化为主体、融少数民族文化精华于一炉,具有超强的稳定性和连续性,展示出强大的文化安全构建能力。中华文明能成为世界上绝无仅有且五千年传承不绝的文化奇观,与“华夷之辨”不无关系。这样的思想智慧,对今日推进国家文化安全建设有着重要的启示。

Viewed from the perspective of overall national security,"differentiation between Hua and Yi"can be regarded as an expression of the thought on cultural security in ancient China.Theoretically it assumes three forms:"strengthening defence against ethnic minorities","changing ethnic minorities with Chinese culture",and"unifying all ethnic groups under one central government".Such thought contains a lot of wisdom.The dynasties established by Han Chinese after the Qin and Han dynasties as well as some of the regimes established by ethnic minorities all looked to this thought as a guidance for preventing impacts of alien culture on the indigenous culture,for influencing other cultures with the advanced indigenous culture,and for promoting integration of cultures.As a result,Chinese culture has developed an inclusive cultural system that is"pluralistic but unified".At the core of this system is the mainstream Chinese culture,which also absorbs the best of the cultures of ethnic minorities to make itself super stable and everlasting,with tremendous power to protect cultural security.The fact that Chinese civilization has thrived for 5000 years in unrivaled ways has a lot to do with this thought.The wisdom of the thought is still valid and instructive for promoting China's cultural security in the world today.