玉米子粒产量及其组成性状的QTL研究进展

QTL of Kernel Yield of Maize and Its Components’Traits:Research Progress

为推进分子标记辅助选择在玉米育种中的应用,总结出近30年玉米子粒产量及其组成性状的QTL研究进展。表明子粒产量的QTL为5~9个,主要分布在第1、2、5、6、7、8、9染色体上,穗行数、行粒数和百粒重的QTL均为3~6个,主要分布在第1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8染色体上,这些QTL成簇分布在几条主要染色体上,形成QTL富集区域,它们能解释性状表型变异的25%左右;多数性状的QTL主要表现为加性、显性、部分显性或超显性效应,部分性状的QTL存在遗传×环境互作效应。预示子粒产量及其组成性状的QTL存在共同染色体载体,育种选择应在多环境、大样本下进行,在不同环境下均能稳定表达的QTL更适用于育种选择;单株穗数、植株性状和抗逆性的QTL研究有待加强。

In order to promote the application of molecular marker-assisted selection in maize breeding,the research progress of QTL of kernel yield of maize and its components’traits in recent 30 years was summed up.The results showed that there were 5-9 QTLs for kernel yield,and they were mainly distributed on chromosome 1,2,5,6,7,8 and 9.There were 3-6 QTLs for the kernel row number,kernel number per row and 100-kernel weight,and they were mainly distributed on chromosome 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8.These QTLs were distributed in clusters on several main chromosomes and formed QTL enrichment regions,and they could explain about 25%of the phenotypic variation in traits.QTLs of most traits mainly manifested as additive,dominant,partial dominant or superdominant effects,and QTLs of some traits showed genetic×environment interaction.It indicated that QTLs of kernel yield and its components’traits had common chromosomal carriers,the breeding selection should be carried out in multiple environments and with large number of samples,and those QTLs that could be expressed stably in different environments were more suitable for breeding selection.The QTL study on ear number per plant,plant traits and stress resistance should be strengthened.