有机肥对作物品质、土壤肥力及环境影响的研究进展

Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Crop Quality,Soil Fertility and Environment:Research Progress

有机肥替代部分化肥是实现化肥减量增效的重要途径,对提高作物产量、改善土壤肥力等具有显著效果,但其对温室气体排放以及增加土壤环境中污染物负荷的贡献亦不容小觑。本文重点综述了施用有机肥对作物品质、土壤改良、温室气体排放、农业面源污染等的影响,分析了有机肥施用研究现状,并对有机肥施用的研究趋势提出建议,首先不断优化发酵工艺提升有机肥品质是根本;其次强化品质性状评价在有机肥施用效果评价中的地位,充分依托长期定位观测和现代化监测手段,不断提升肥力监测水平,加强生态环境效应综合评价是保障,以期为科学、合理、高效使用有机肥,保障土壤资源的可持续利用提供指导。

The substitution of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers is an effective strategy to reduce the amount and increase the efficiency of chemical fertilizer.It also significantly stimulates crop yield and soil fertility.However,it is worth noting that the substitution of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers could contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and pollution loading in soil environment.This paper reviewed the effects of organic fertilizer application on crop quality,soil amelioration,greenhouse gas emissions and agricultural non-point source pollution.Besides,we summarized current research of organic fertilizer application and put forward proposals for further studying the organic fertilizer application.Firstly,constantly optimizing the fermentation process to improve the quality of organic fertilizer is of overarching importance.Secondly,it is suggested to strengthen the quality trait evaluation in assessing the application effect of organic fertilizer,and take full advantage of long-term positioning observation and modern monitoring means to improve the soil fertility monitoring level and accomplish the comprehensive environmental effect evaluation.These suggestions aim at providing guidance for rational and efficient application of organic fertilizers,and for sustainable utilization of soil and water resources.