平川区耕地质量等级及养分特征分析研究

The Quality Grade and Nutrient Characteristics of Cultivated Land in Pingchuan District

为全面、及时掌握甘肃省白银市平川区耕地质量等级、养分空间分布特征以及不同土种间养分含量差异,为今后平川区科技化种植和合理施肥提供有效的依据。依据《耕地质量等级》国家标准,运用县域耕地资源管理信息系统,分析研究了平川区耕地质量的等级、养分空间分布和不同土种间养分含量差异。结果表明:平川区耕地质量处于五至十等级,无一至四等级地,七等级地为耕地主体,面积为13543.35 hm^(2),占平川区总耕地面积的34.51%;平川区耕地养分整体水平较低,土壤有机质和全氮含量为低水平的耕地呈现“两极”分布;有效磷含量处于低水平的耕地较集中,其他等级耕地分布较分散;速效钾含量处于高水平的耕地集中分布在平川区南部的乡镇;平川区6个土种中深层耕种灰钙土各养分含量整体较高,且变异系数最低。

The study aims to comprehensively and timely grasp the cultivated land quality grade,nutrient spatial distribution characteristics and nutrient content difference of different soil types in Pingchuan District of Baiyin City,Gansu Province,and provide an effective basis for rational planting and fertilization in the future.According to the national standard of Cultivated Land Quality Grade,the cultivated land resource management information system at county scale was used to analyze the cultivated land quality grade,nutrient spatial distribution and nutrient content difference of different soil types in Pingchuan.The results showed that the cultivated land quality in Pingchuan belonged to grade five to ten,without cultivated land of grade one,two,three and four.The cultivated land of grade seven had an area of 13543.35 hm^(2),accounting for 34.51%of the total cultivated land area in Pingchuan.The overall nutrient level of the cultivated land in Pingchuan was low,and the cultivated land with low soil organic matter content and total nitrogen content showed a bipolar distribution.The cultivated land with low content of available phosphorus was concentrated,and the cultivated land distribution of other grades was scattered.The cultivated land with high available potassium content was concentrated in the villages and towns in southern Pingchuan;and the nutrient contents of deep cultivated lime-calcium soil were overall high among the six soil types in Pingchuan,and the coefficient of variation was the lowest.