歌曲“串烧”行为构罪之批判性分析

Critical Analysis of the Criminalization of Songs “Mash-up”

歌曲“串烧”行为是否构成“侵犯著作权罪”存在激烈争议。有罪说以犯罪构成要件为标准,而无罪说着重于法益侵害性之评述。分析歌曲“串烧”应先对行为进行类型化归纳和精准定性。根据歌曲改编程度,“串烧”可分为接歌型、翻唱型及混搭型。其中混搭型“串烧”属于演绎行为,不满足犯罪构成要件。接歌型“串烧”与翻唱型“串烧”虽属于未经许可的“复制发行”行为,形式上满足构罪的客观要件,但并不具有实质的法益侵害性,判定行为人构罪更有违罪责刑相适应原则和刑法谦抑性原则。因此,对歌曲“串烧”行为应作出罪处理,采取民事或行政救济即可达到规制效果。

There is a heated controversy over whether the act of songs“mash-up”constitutes the crime of copyright infringement.The guilty theory takes the elements of crime as the standard,while the innocent theory focuses on the commentary of legal benefit infringement.To analyze the act of songs“mash-up”,we should first classify and precisely characterize the act.According to the degree of song adaptation,the song“mash-up”can be divided into song catching type,cover type and remix type.Among them,the remix type belongs to the act of derivation work,and does not meet the elements of the crime.Although the“catching”and“cover”types are unauthorized“copy and distribute”acts,which formally meet the objective elements of the crime,but do not have the substantive legal benefits of infringement.If the perpetrator is considered to constitute a crime,the result will be contrary to the principle of suiting punishment to crime and the modesty-and-restraint principle of Criminal Law.Therefore,the act of songs“mash-up”should not be criminalized,and civil or administrative remedies can be taken to achieve the effect of regulation.