展示棚甜瓜无土栽培基质筛选及经济效益分析

Soilles Culture Substrates Screeing and Economic Benefit Analysis for Display Greenhouse Muskmelon

为筛选适合示范区展示棚的新型、环保的甜瓜无土栽培基质配方,以‘碧香一号’甜瓜为试材,设置6个不同有机物料的基质配比,以纯土为对照,研究不同基质的理化性质以及不同基质栽培下甜瓜的品质和产量,并进行经济效益分析。结果表明,T1处理(秸秆∶羊粪∶椰糠∶蛭石=4∶3∶2∶1)容重最小,总孔隙度、持水孔隙度和最大持水量均最大,理化性质最佳。T1的果实纵、横径和平均单果重最大,分别为13.52 cm,10.24 cm和508.6 g,T1处理VC含量和可溶性蛋白含量均最高。T1和T4(秸秆∶羊粪∶草炭土∶珍珠岩=4∶3∶2∶1)的可溶性固形物含量最高,分别为18.4%和18.1%,总酸最低,均为0.15%。T1小区产量最高,为190.7 kg·(25 m ^(2))^(-1),折合产量也最高,为76290 kg·hm^(-2)。采用各基质栽培的甜瓜,产值和利润对比CK均有所增加,其中T1处理利润比CK提高了15%。综上可得,秸秆∶羊粪∶椰糠∶蛭石=4∶3∶2∶1的T1配比基质改善了甜瓜的品质,提高了甜瓜的产量,提升了整体经济效益,为最适宜示范区展示棚的甜瓜无土栽培基质配方。

In order to screen the new and environmentally friendly substrates formula for muskmelon soilless culture suitable for display greenhouse in the demonstration area,this study took‘Bixiang No.1’muskmelon as the test material,six substrates proportions of different organic materials were set,with pure soil as the control,to study the physical and chemical properties of different substrates and the quality and yield of muskmelon under different substrates,and analyzed the economic efficiency.The result showed that,T1(straw∶sheep manure∶coconut bran∶vermiculite=4∶3∶2∶1)had the lowest bulk density,the highest total porosity,water holding porosity and maximum water holding capacity,and the best physical and chemical properties.The longitudinal and transverse diameters of T1 fruits were the largest,which were 13.52 cm and 10.24 cm,respectively.The average fruit weight of T1 was 508.6 g.The content of VC and soluble protein in T1 treatment were the highest.T1 and T4 had the highest contents of soluble solids(18.4%and 18.1%,respectively).T1 and T4 treatments had the lowest total acid(0.15%).The highest plot yield in T1 was 190.7 kg·(25 m^( 2))^(-1),and the highest converted yield in T1 was 76290 kg·ha^(-1).Compared with CK,the output value and profit of muskmelon cultivated by substrate increased,and the profit of T1 treatment increased by 15%compared with CK.All the above results indicate that,the T1 treatment of straw∶sheep manure∶coconut bran∶vermiculite=4∶3∶2∶1 could improve the quality and yield of muskmelon and the overall economic benefits,which is the most suitable soilless culture substrate formula for muskmelon for display greenhouse in the demonstration area.