“文学”观念的历史发展与变迁

The Historical Development and Changes of the“Literary”Views

文学观念的变革经历了广义——狭义——再广义的过程,不同的文学观念反映了其时文学的机制和文学在社会中发挥的职能。中西方古代的文学观都有广义的学问、书籍著作的含义,现代的文学观则以想象性、虚构性等审美属性为依据,形成了审美的纯文学观。古代文学观统揽学问、教化和审美意在发挥的文学整体性功能,现代的纯文学观念意味着对文学的抒情性、娱乐性功能的重视。基于不同的文学观,古代与现代的文学研究范式也有明显的差异。当代文学观以现代确立的纯文学为对象多元化探讨文学的本质,并在新世纪以来走向多元共生、开放融合的新文学观念。它是文学自身变化及其发挥的全面、多维而广泛的对话机能带来的文学观念的变革,这种变迁不是概念简单的大小变化的问题,而是对文学理解逐步深化的过程。

The transformation of literary views has experienced the process of being represented in a broad sense,in a narrow sense and then in a broad sense again;different literary views are reflective of the mechanism of literature at that time and the function of literature in society. The literary views in both ancient China and the west were implicated with knowledge and books in a broad sense,while the modern literary ones are based on such aesthetic attributes as imagination and fictionality,thus forming the aesthetic pure view of literature. The ancient view of literature focuses on the overall literary functions of learning,education and aesthetics,whereas the modern view of pure literature means attaching importance to the lyrical and entertaining functions of literature. Based on different literary views,there are obvious differences between ancient and modern literary research paradigms. The contemporary literary view takes modern pure literature established in modern times as the object to explore the essence of literature,and has moved towards a new literary view of pluralistic symbiosis and open integration since the new century. It is the change of the literary view brought about by the change of literature itself as well as its comprehensive,multi-dimensional and extensive dialogue functions,which is not a simple change of concept,but a process of deepening the understanding of literature.