浅埋薄基岩强补给含水层水害防治技术

Water damage prevention technology for shallow-buried aquifer with thin bedrock and strong replenishment

锦界煤矿属于典型的浅埋薄基岩条件下顶板强补给含水层直接充水水害危险矿井,同时伴随溃沙灾害,以31215工作面为研究对象,通过以往地质勘查钻孔、钻孔抽水试验资料和井下顶板探查工程以及顶板水害疏放工程,综合查明工作面上覆岩层的结构和含水层富水性以及松散层的分布特征;编制工作面上覆基岩厚度分布图,圈定基岩较薄区域和红土层缺失或变薄区,并结合井下顶板探查钻孔进一步精细的探查薄基岩段分布区;采用理论和实测相结合的方法确定工作面开采的“两带”高度,依据导水裂缝带最大高度圈定工作面内导通直接充水含水层直罗组风化基岩和松散溃水溃沙的范围,评价溃水、溃沙危险性;采用井下音频电透圈定顶板富水异常区,并针对富水区实施工作面探放水工程,根据结果评价物探、探放水效果,采用比拟法预测了该工作面的矿井涌水量,评估了工作面的排水设防能力;最后,总结成功的实践构建适应于锦界煤矿浅埋薄基岩条件下顶板强补给含水层溃水溃沙的灾害评价与防治技术体系,保障矿井安全、高效开采。

Jinjie Coal Mine belongs to a typical water damage risk mine with a strong roof recharge aquifer directly filled with water under the condition of shallow-buried thin bedrock accompanied by sand collapse disaster.With the 31215 working surface as the research object,the structure of the overlying strata and the water yield of the aquifer and the distribution characteristics of the unconsolidated layer on the working face are comprehensively identified through the previous geological exploration drilling and drilling pumping test data,the underground roof exploration project and the roof water hazard drainage project.The thickness distribution map of the overlying bedrock of the working face is prepared,which delineates the areas where the bedrock is thin and the laterite layer is missing or thinning,and the distribution area of the thin bedrock section is further explored in combination with the underground roof exploration drilling.The height of the"two zones"for mining in the working face is determined by combining theory with actual measurement.According to the maximum height of the water conducting fracture zone,the Zhiluo formation weathered bedrock and loose water and sand bursting range conducting the direct water-filling aquifer in the working face are delineated,and the risk of water and sand bursting is evaluated.The underground audio frequency electric penetration is used to delineate the roof water rich abnormal area,and the face water exploration and drainage project is implemented for the water rich area.The underground audio frequency electric penetration is used to delineate the roof water rich abnormal area,and the face water exploration and drainage project is implemented for the water rich area.According to the results,the geophysical exploration and water exploration and drainage effects are evaluated,and the mine water inflow of the working face is predicted using the analogy method,and the drainage and defense capacity of the working face is evaluated.Finally,a disaster evaluation and prevention technology system suitable for water and sand bursting of roof strong recharge aquifer under the condition of shallow-buried thin bedrock in Jinjie Coal Mine is built to ensure safe and efficient mining of the mine.