低碳背景下国际石油公司上游业务调整及启示

IOCs'Upstream Readjustment and Implication under Low-Carbon Background

低碳背景下,石油行业面临严峻挑战,包括碳中和推动原油消费峰值提前到来、国际油价大幅波动、碳成本渐行渐近、行业投资吸引力下降、可再生能源激烈竞争,油气行业也面临投资者和政府强大的碳减排压力。这种情形下,国际石油公司明显加大了上游业务的调整,聚焦核心资产、削减油气产量、提升天然气在油气产量中的占比、拓展可再生能源、布局移动出行,以及研发碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)等负碳技术。文章借鉴国际石油公司低碳转型的经验,对中国石油公司海外业务经营调整进行研究并提出相关建议。

Under the low-carbon background,the oil industry is facing severe challenges,including carbon neutrality driving the peak of crude oil consumption to come ahead of time,significant reduction in international oil prices,gradual approaching of carbon costs,declining attractiveness of industry investment,and fierce competition for renewable energy.At the same time,the oil and gas industry is also facing strong pressure from investors and the government to reduce carbon emissions.In recent years,international oil companies have significantly increased the readjustment of upstream business,including focusing more on core assets,reducing oil and gas production,increasing the proportion of natural gas in oil and gas production,expanding renewable energy,deploying mobile travel,developing carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)and other negative carbon technologies.Drawing on the experience of international oil companies'low-carbon business transformation,this paper puts forward some suggestions for China's oil companies.