“内外兼修”:拜登政府对华科技竞争

The Biden Administration’s Science and Technology Competition with China

随着第四次科技革命与中美战略博弈的日益深化,美国对华科技战略调整与中美科技竞争逐渐成为学界的热点话题。为系统、客观理解拜登政府对华科技竞争战略的运筹与实施,本文围绕主体逻辑、环体逻辑、技术逻辑、市场逻辑以及反向主体逻辑,构建了一套同时对美国科技战略“内外动向”进行考察的“立体”分析框架,对拜登上任以来美国联邦政府、美国国会发布与通过的所有科技战略文件、法案以及具体实践进行实证分析发现,拜登政府对华科技竞争战略调整呈现出由内到外全面增强与升级的最新态势。中国对建成科技强国的强烈渴求与美国试图阻碍中国科技进步的战略意图已逐渐演变成为中美关系中最核心与最突出的战略矛盾,中美科技竞争将深刻影响两国战略博弈的最终走向。对拜登剩余任期以及未来新任总统而言,美国继续深化对华科技竞争举措的基本趋势不会改变,中国需要坚定战略信心、完善科技创新体制、坚持国际科技合作以尽快实现科技强国的战略目标。

With the deepening of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and China-US strategic competition,the adjustment of US S&T strategy toward China and the China-US S&T competition have attracted a lot academic attention.In order to systematically and objectively examine the logic and practice of the Biden administration’s S&T strategy towards China,this paper constructs a multilayered analytical framework,centering on the actors(i.e.,US scientists),the institutional environment,means of technological restriction,means of market restriction,and the actors in target countries(e.g.,scientists in China).An empirical analysis of all the S&T strategy documents,bills and specific practices adopted by the US federal government and Congress since Biden took office shows that the strategy has been comprehensively enhanced and upgraded from the inside out.Biden for the rest of his term or his successors are not likely to change the basic direction in which the US will continue to deepen its technological competition with China.China needs to strengthen its strategic confidence and realize the strategic goal of becoming an S&T power as soon as possible through improving its innovation system and international cooperation.