客户异质性对科技企业创新效率影响机理探究——异质性人力资本的调节作用

Customer Heterogeneity and Enterprise Innovation Efficiency:The Regulatory Role of Heterogenous Human Capital

客户异质性对科技企业研发人员创新效率和研发经费使用效率产生影响,从而影响企业的整体创新效率,同时内部异质性人力资本从不同方向调节这种影响。笔者通过收集2008—2017年35051家科技企业131192个样本点的非平衡面板数据,采用工具变量法,依据认知负荷理论、投资决策选择理论等,构建客户异质性影响企业创新效率研究模型,将企业创新效率细分为研发人员创新效率和研发资金使用效率,实证检验客户异质性对企业两种要素创新效率的影响及内部异质性人力资本的调节作用。结果证实:客户异质性带来的研发人员认知负荷及研发投资瞄准有效需求的挑战不利于研发人员创新效率和研发经费使用效率的提升;企业内部异质性人力资本带来的沟通、协调问题加剧了客户异质性带来的研发人员认知负荷;企业内部异质性人力资本带来的广泛知识基础改善了客户异质性带来的研发投资瞄准有效需求的困境。本文探究客户异质性对科技企业创新效率影响机理的研究结论,拓展了客户异质性影响企业创新的边际内涵,有助于为企业通过客户异质性管理提升创新效率提供理论依据。

The mechanism of the impact of customer heterogeneity on enterprise innovation efficiency partly lies in that it has an impact on the innovation efficiency of enterprise R&D personnel and the use efficiency of R&D funds,then affects the overall innovation efficiency of enterprises,and the internal heterogeneous human capital of an enterprise can adjust this impact from different directions.By collecting the non-balance panel data of 1331192 sample points of 35051 technology enterprises from 2008 to 2017,According to the cognitive load theory and R&D investment selection theory,We construct the research model of customer heterogeneity affecting enterprise innovation efficiency.The innovation efficiency of the enterprise is divided into the innovation efficiency of R&D personnel and the use efficiency of R&D funds.the author used the instrumental variable method to test the impact of customer heterogeneity on the innovation efficiency of the two elements and the regulating role of internal human capital heterogeneity in this process.The results confirm that:customer heterogeneity increases the R&D personnel cognitive load and the difficulty of R&D investment aimed at effective demand,that is not conducive to enterprise human and capital innovation efficiency,the communication and coordination problems caused by the heterogeneity of human capital within an enterprise aggravate the cognitive load brought by customer heterogeneity,at the same time,the extensive knowledge base brought by human capital heterogeneity alleviates the challenge of R&D investment targeting effective needs brought by customer heterogeneity.This study expands the marginal connotation of customer heterogeneity affecting the innovation and provide a theoretical basis for technology enterprises to improve the innovation efficiency through customer heterogeneity management.