秋水仙素诱导万寿菊多倍体种质创制研究

Study on Creation of Polyploid Germplasm of Tagetes erecta L.by Colchicine Induction

以不同浓度秋水仙素处理万寿菊茎尖,研究秋水仙素对万寿菊的诱导效果,使用流式细胞仪和染色体压片法鉴定多倍体,分析了四倍体植株在形态特征、解剖结构及生理生化等方面的特性。结果表明,秋水仙素抑制万寿菊生长,随秋水仙素浓度升高,形态变异率呈先升后降趋势;秋水仙素处理后叶片变异类型主要有6种。与二倍体相比,四倍体万寿菊株高、冠幅、节间长度、花梗长度和腺点密度降低,叶片面积、叶片长度、叶片宽度、花瓣长度和宽度增加;四倍体万寿菊叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、上下表皮细胞厚度、疏松度、栅海比、保卫细胞内叶绿体数量显著增加;四倍体万寿菊的比叶鲜重、比叶干重极显著增加,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量降低,基因组大小增加。

The induction effect of colchicine on Tagetes erecta L.was studied by treating stem tips of T.erecta with different concentrations of colchicine.Polyploid plants were identified by flow cytometry and chromosome press.The morphological characteristics,anatomical structure and physiological and biochemical characteristics of tetraploid plants were analyzed.The results showed that colchicine inhibited the growth of T.erecta,with the increase of colchicine concentration,morphological variation rate increased first and then decreased.There were 6 types of leaf variation after colchicine treatment.Compared with diploid,plant height,crown width,internode length,pedicel length and glandular point density of tetraploid T.erecta decreased,while leaf area,leaf length,leaf width,and petal length and width increased.The thickness of tetraploid T.erecta leaves,palisade tissue,sponge tissue,upper and lower epidermal cell,porosity,palisade to sea ratio and chloroplast number in guard cells significantly increased.The specific leaf fresh weight and specific leaf dry weight of tetraploid T.erecta extremely significantly increased,while the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid decreased,and the genome size increased.