2005—2020年河南主推中筋小麦遗传多样性及聚类分析

Genetic Diversity and Cluster Analysis on Middle Gluten Wheat in He’nan Province from 2005 to 2020

为了解河南中筋小麦主推情况及其遗传多样性,为亲本材料筛选提供依据,以河南省2005—2020年主推中筋小麦品种为材料,通过Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)计算、相关性分析、聚类分析等对13个性状进行综合评价。结果表明,大面积推广应用的46个中筋小麦品种中,半冬性、国审品种占较大份额,占比分别为65.2%、71.7%。主推年限最长的品种是矮抗58,于2005年通过审定,主推年限为14年。13个性状的变异系数(CV)为1.76%~71.64%,平均为15.22%。其中,稳定时间的CV最大,容重的CV最小;H′为1.07~3.75,平均为2.64。其中,产量的H′最大,遗传基础较宽;蛋白质含量的H′最小,遗传基础相对较弱,应注意拓宽遗传基础。在平方欧氏距离3.0处,小麦被聚为四大类。类群Ⅰ包括豫农416、开麦21、焦麦266、周麦22等32个品种(占比72.7%),遗传距离较小,品种培育应注意突破。推广年限较长的前10个品种中有7个在类群Ⅰ中,3个在类群Ⅱ中。类群Ⅰ、Ⅱ中的品种综合实力较优,且类群Ⅰ的综合实力更强于类群Ⅱ,可作为育种亲本资源。

Taking the main medium gluten wheat varieties in He’nan Province from 2005 to 2020 as materials,the diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of 13 traits were carried out through Shannon-Wiener diversity index H′calculation,correlation analysis and cluster analysis,so as to provide a basis for understanding the main promotion situation of medium gluten wheat and its genetic diversity.The results showed that among the 46 medium-gluten wheat varieties that were widely used,the semi-winter and nationally approved varieties accounted for a larger share,reaching 65.2%and 71.7%,respectively.The variety with the highest years of main promotion period was Aikang 58 approved in 2005,and the main promotion period was 14 years.The variation coefficients of 13 traits ranged from 1.76%to 71.64%,with an average of 15.22%.Among them,the CV of stability time was the largest and the CV of bulk density was the smallest;H′index ranged from 1.07 to 3.75,with an average of 2.64.Among them,the H′index of yield was the largest,and the genetic basis was relatively broad;the H′index of protein content was the smallest,and the genetic basis was relatively weak,and attention should be paid to broadening the genetic basis.At the square Euclidean distance of 3.0,the wheat varieties were clustered into 4 groups.Group I including 32 varieties accounting for 72.7%,such as Yunong 416,Kaimai 21,Jiaomai 266 and Zhoumai 22,of which the genetic distance was small,so attention should be paid to breakthroughs in variety cultivation.Among the top ten varieties with the longest promotion years,7 were in groupⅠ,and 3 were in groupⅡ.On the whole,the comprehensive strength of varieties in groupⅠandⅡwas better,and the comprehensive strength of groupⅠwas stronger than that of groupⅡ,which could be used as breeding parent resources.