杜鹃花属植物种子性状及萌发特性

Seed Characters and Germination Characteristics of Rhododendron Species

以12种杜鹃花属植物种子为试验材料,对种子性状进行测量观察,并在室温储藏后于25℃/15℃(白天/夜晚,各12 h)变温条件下进行种子萌发试验,分析不同杜鹃花属植物种子性状和萌发特性。结果表明,供试12种杜鹃花属种子细小,测量种子长、宽,粒长范围为0.68~4.78 mm,粒宽范围为0.25~2.06 mm,其中溪畔杜鹃种子长宽比最大,短脉杜鹃种子长宽比最小;千粒重范围为0.060~0.334 g,其中毛棉杜鹃千粒重最小,稀果杜鹃千粒重最大;12种杜鹃花属种子萌发能力依次为腺萼马银花>溪畔杜鹃>金萼杜鹃>映山红>毛棉杜鹃>短脉杜鹃>广东杜鹃>丁香杜鹃>云锦杜鹃>心基杜鹃>稀果杜鹃>百合花杜鹃。对比分析不同杜鹃花属植物种子萌发能力和种子性状,得出不同杜鹃花属植物种子的发芽率和发芽指数差异极显著,并且种子千粒重越小,其种子的萌发优势就越大。

The seeds of 12 Rhododendron plants were used as test materials for seed traits observation and germination tests under variable temperature conditions at 25℃/15℃(day/night,12 hours each)after room temperature storage to analyze the seed traits and germination characteristics of different species of Rhododendron.The results showed that the seeds of the 12 species of Rhododendron were small,and the range of seed length and width was from 0.68 to 4.78 mm and from 0.25 to 2.06 mm,respectively,among which the length-width ratio of R.rivulare was the largest and the length-width ratio of R.brevinerve was the smallest.The range of 1000-seed weight was from 0.060 to 0.334 g,among which the 1000-seed weight of R.moulmainense was the smallest and the 1000-seed weight of R.oligocarpum was the largest.The seed germination ability of 12 species of Rhododendron ranged from strong to weak:R.bachii,R.rivulare,R.chrysocalyx,R.simsii,R.moulmainense,R.brevinerve,R.kwangtungense,R.farrerae,R.fortunei,R.orbiculare subsp.cardiobasis,R.oligocarpum,R.liliiflorum.A comparative analysis of seed germination ability and seed traits of different Rhododendron species showed that the germination rate and germination index of seeds of different Rhododendrons were significantly different,and the smaller the thousand seed weight,the greater the seed germination advantage of its seeds.